PARAMETER BIOLOGIS Culex quinquefasciatus SEBAGAI VEKTOR FILARIASIS PASCAIRADIASI GAMMA MELALUI METODE MARK-RELEASE-RECAPTURE DI KOTA PEKALONGAN

Nungki Hapsari Suryaningtyas, Prof. Dr. drh. Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo; Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, S.Si., M.Kes., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Culex quinquefasciatus merupakan vektor utama filariasis. Teknik Serangga Mandul (TSM) telah banyak digunakan untuk menekan populasi nyamuk, namun keberhasilannya bergantung pada kemampuan dispersi, kelangsungan hidup, dan daya saing jantan steril. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi jarak dispersi, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan estimasi populasi Cx. quinquefasciatus yang diiradiasi sinar gamma (Co-60) dosis 70 Gy di lapangan, serta menilai status infeksi populasi alami terhadap Wuchereria bancrofti menggunakan pendekatan molekuler. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Pekalongan melalui eksperimen mark-release-recapture (MRR) dengan dua kali pelepasan nyamuk steril, sebanyak 22.000 jantan dan 20.500 betina, yang ditandai serbuk fluoresen. Penangkapan kembali dilakukan selama tujuh hari menggunakan 19 perangkap BG-Sentinel berumpan oktanol, ditempatkan dalam radius 250 meter dari titik pelepasan. Status infeksi dinilai melalui metode human landing collection dan resting collection pagi oleh enam kolektor, dengan ekstraksi DNA secara pooling (25 individu/tube). Data dianalisis deskriptif untuk menghitung mean distance travelled (MDT), flight range (FR), probability of daily survival (PDS), dan average life expectancy (ALE), serta analisis spasial menggunakan QGIS. Hasil menunjukkan MDT jantan 143,18 m (FR50: 92,78 m; FR90: 220,02 m) dan betina 146,26 m (FR50: 95,26 m; FR90: 227,25 m). Probabilitas kelangsungan hidup harian jantan 0,88 (harapan hidup 7,57 hari) dan betina 0,69 (2,71 hari). Estimasi populasi di lapangan mencapai 18.803 jantan dan 13.108 betina. Status infeksi menunjukkan minimum infection rate 0. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa Cx. quinquefasciatus steril memiliki kemampuan dispersi dan kelangsungan hidup yang mendukung keberhasilan TSM, serta tidak berisiko menularkan filariasis berdasarkan hasil xenomonitoring.

Culex quinquefasciatus is the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has been widely applied to suppress mosquito populations; however, its success depends on the dispersal ability, survival rate, and mating competitiveness of sterile males. This study aimed to evaluate the dispersal distance, survival rate, and population estimate of Cx. quinquefasciatus irradiated with 70 Gy of gamma rays (Co-60) under field conditions, as well as to assess the infection status of the natural mosquito population with Wuchereria bancrofti using a molecular approach. The research was conducted in Pekalongan City through a mark-release-recapture (MRR) experiment involving two releases of sterile mosquitoes—22,000 males and 20,500 females—marked with fluorescent powder. Recaptures were carried out over seven days using 19 BG-Sentinel traps baited with octanol, placed within a 250-meter radius of the release point. Infection status was assessed through human landing collection and morning resting collection by six collectors, with DNA extraction conducted using a pooling method (25 individuals per tube). Data were analyzed descriptively to calculate the mean distance travelled (MDT), flight range (FR), probability of daily survival (PDS), and average life expectancy (ALE), along with spatial analysis using QGIS. Results showed an MDT of 143.18 m for males (FR50: 92.78 m; FR90: 220.02 m) and 146.26 m for females (FR50: 95.26 m; FR90: 227.25 m). The daily survival probability was 0.88 for males (life expectancy: 7.57 days) and 0.69 for females (2.71 days). The estimated field population reached 18,803 males and 13,108 females. Infection status revealed a minimum infection rate of 0. These findings indicate that sterile Cx. quinquefasciatus possess dispersal and survival traits that support the success of SIT and pose no risk of filariasis transmission based on xenomonitoring results.

Kata Kunci : Culex quinquefasciatus, filariasis limfatik, iradiasi gamma, mark release-recapture, teknik serangga mandul