PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA BANK INDONESIA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK UMUM DOMESTIK DAN ASING DI INDONESIA

Athhar Dhafin Subagio, Bowo Setiyono, S.E., M.Com., Ph.D. CFP.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Manajemen

Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia terhadap profitabilitas pada Bank Umum di Indonesia. Rasio profitabilitas yang diteliti adalah ROA, ROE, dan NIM. Penelitian menggunakan model regresi ordinary least square (OLS) dan Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). Sampel yang digunakan adalah 65 Bank Umum di Indonesia pada periode 2010 Q1 sampai 2023 Q4. Penelitian ini juga mengklasifikasikan Bank Umum sebagai Bank Domestik dan Bank Asing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum di Indonesia. Hasil ini konsisten pada model OLS dan GMM. Pada model OLS, perubahan 1% pada suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia berpengaruh positif sebesar 0,18%, 0,25%, 0,1% terhadap NIM; 0,19%, 0,16%, 0,23% terhadap ROA; dan 1,45%, 1,53%, 1,39% terhadap ROE pada semua bank, bank domestik, dan bank asing. Pada model GMM, perubahan 1% pada suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia berpengaruh positif sebesar 0,07%, 0,03%, 0,1% terhadap NIM; 0,12%, 0,16%, 0,15% terhadap ROA; dan 0,37%, 0,71%, 0,63% terhadap ROE pada semua bank, bank domestik, dan bank asing. Suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia juga memiliki perbedaan pengaruh terhadap bank domestik dan bank asing. Pengaruh suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia terhadap bank asing lebih kecil sebesar 0,0055% pada variabel NIM, 0,0038% pada variabel ROA, dan 0,0345% pada variabel ROE. 

This study analyzes the impact of Bank Indonesia's monetary policy interest rate on the profitability of Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The profitability ratios examined are ROA, ROE, and NIM. The research employs the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The sample consists of 65 Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the period from Q1 2010 to Q4 2023. The study also classifies Commercial Banks as domestic banks and foreign banks. The results show that Bank Indonesia's monetary policy interest rate has a significant positive effect on the profitability of Commercial Banks in Indonesia. These findings are consistent across both the OLS and GMM models. In the OLS model, a 1% change in Bank Indonesia's monetary policy interest rate has a positive effect of 0.18%, 0.25%, and 0.1% on NIM; 0.19%, 0.16%, and 0.23% on ROA; and 1.45%, 1.53%, and 1.39% on ROE for all banks, domestic banks, and foreign banks, respectively. In the GMM model, a 1% change in the policy rate has a positive effect of 0.07%, 0.03%, and 0.1% on NIM; 0.12%, 0.16%, and 0.15% on ROA; and 0.37%, 0.71%, and 0.63% on ROE for all banks, domestic banks, and foreign banks, respectively. Bank Indonesia's monetary policy interest rate also has a differentiated impact on domestic and foreign banks. The effect on foreign banks is smaller by 0.0055% for NIM, 0.0038% for ROA, and 0.0345% for ROE.

Kata Kunci : suku bunga kebijakan moneter Bank Indonesia, NIM, ROA, ROE, bank domestik, bank asing