Sistem pengembangan industri mete (Anacardium Occidentale L.) di tingkat usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) :: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi SUlawesi Tenggara

FEDUMU, La, Dr.Ir. Didik Purwadi, M.Ec

2004 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Pertanian

Komoditi Jambu mete merupakan salah satu komoditi eksport yang baik karena mempunyai harga yang layak dipasaran, sehingga akan memberikan harapan perbaikan taraf perekonomian. Sistem pemasaran mete di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara hampir rata-rata dijual dalam bentuk gelondong, sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan nilai tambah. Keputusan untuk mengembangkan industri mete di tingkat Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) akan diperlukan suatu model kajian strategi. Dengan analisis SWOT pelaku sistem (petani, pedagang pengumpul, pedagang di pasar,pemilik gudang dan pengolah) sebagai produsen dapat diketahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman, kemudian dirumuskan dalam matriks SWOT untuk mengetahui strategi yang harus dijalankan. Pelaku sistem sebagai produsen dapat memproduksi mete gelondong menjadi kacang mete sedangkan Pemerintah sebagai penentu kebijakkan adalah mengotrol ketersediaan bahan baku, tingkat harga, mengadakan pelatihan agar pelaku sistem dapat termotivasi dan bersemangat untuk mendirikan usaha guna meningkatkan nilai tambah. Model dinamis sistem pengembangan industri mete ini dirancang dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak (software) Powersim versi 1.03. Dari hasil analisis SWOT strategi yang harus dijalankan adalah mengembangkan usaha yang sudah ada dan membuka usaha baru. Model dapat diandalkan dipilih salah satu skenario luas lahan (LLHN dan produktifitas (PRODT) yang dapat menentukan ketersediaan bahan baku. Dari hasil simulasi model tingkat ketersediaan bahan baku pertahun mengalami kenaikan, ini dikarenakan produksi setiap tahun yang selalu meningkat. Unit usaha potensial setiap tahun selalu meningkat, sehingga unit usaha aktual dapat meningkat pula. Hasil keuntungan, baik per unit maupun perwilayah juga mengalami kenaikan, ini disebabkan oleh harga jual yang selalu meningkat, yang diiringi dengan laju kenaikan unit usaha aktual pertahun yang selalu meningkat pula.

Cashew nut is one of many promising export commodities doe to the good rate in the market so that it will raising the economic level of the farmers. Marketing system of cashew nut in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province is always sold in form of freshly nuts so as to lost in its added value. The commitment to develop of nut industry in the level of small and medium enterprises will be needed a model of strategy to study. By SWOT analysis of the system actors (the farmers, the local buyers, the market sellers, and the factories and store owners) as producers may be seen in their strengthnesses, weakeness, opportunities and treatness so that the SWOT matrices to solve the problems can easily be employed in the accurate strategy. The system actors as producers may yielding the freshly nuts in the form of pure nuts whereas the government as a policy decision maker in controlling the availability of freshly nut, the feasibility of the market price, and in conducting a special short courses for the actors so that they can be motivated to stimulate some enterprises for increasing the added value of freshly nuts. Dynamic model for development system of this nut industry is designed with the computer software namely Powersim 1.03 of windows version. From SWOT analysis of the problems it may be concluded that the precise strategy that must be functioned were widering the interprises that have already exsist and generating the extraordinary of the new enterprises. Nevertheles, the reliable model can be chosen one of many scenarios of plantation area and cashew trees productivity that can serve the availability of freshly nuts. Based on the model simulation, the availability of freshly nuts was increased because its production was always increased each year. Besides, the potentials of interprise units were also raising each year so that the actual interprise unit became growth as well. By these conditions, the benefit of both enterprise unit and area are getting better as a consequence of the increasing market price and of the actual interprise unit yearly.

Kata Kunci : Agroindustri,Mete,Pasca Panen,UKM, Cashew nut, small and medium interprise, SWOT, dynamic model