Analisis Kesenjangan Implementasi Kurikulum Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi dan Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker Terhadap Standar Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia
Dimas Aditya Suhendar, apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H., Ph.D.; Dr. apt. Nanang Munif Yasin, M.Pharm.
2025 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi
Standar Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan Kurikulum Program Studi Sarjana Farmasi dan Pendidikan Profesi Apoteker (PSPPA). Kurikulum tersebut ditujukan untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang kompeten dalam praktik kefarmasian sesuai dengan tuntutan profesional dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Evaluasi terhadap pencapaian kompetensi dilakukan melalui Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Apoteker Indonesia (UKMPPAI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesenjangan antara implementasi kurikulum dengan Standar Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia, serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebabnya untuk mendukung peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan pencapaian Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan explanatory case study dengan pengumpulan data melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan in-depth interview pada enam institusi pendidikan tinggi farmasi dari lima forum wilayah APTFI, dengan status akreditasi Unggul, Baik Sekali, dan Baik. Informan meliputi pengelola program studi, dosen pengampu, serta mahasiswa. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode thematic analysis melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reading, coding, dan theming menggunakan perangkat lunak NVivo 12 Pro. Untuk menjamin validitas informasi yang diperoleh, pelaporan hasil penelitian disusun mengikuti pedoman COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesenjangan implementasi kurikulum yang ditandai oleh ketidaksesuaian materi pembelajaran dengan area kompetensi SKAI, belum terintegrasinya kurikulum sarjana dan profesi, serta inkonsistensi penerapan Outcome-Based Education (OBE). Aspek-aspek kesenjangan yang menonjol meliputi keterbatasan fasilitas praktikum, ketidaksesuaian implementasi kurikulum dengan blueprint UKMPPAI, lemahnya pembelajaran berbasis kompetensi, serta lingkungan belajar yang belum mendukung. Faktor-faktor penyebab kesenjangan meliputi variabilitas mutu institusi, keterbatasan tenaga pengajar yang kompeten, rendahnya kolaborasi dengan fasilitas kesehatan, serta lemahnya evaluasi dan pengembangan kurikulum secara berkelanjutan. Hasil ini menekankan perlunya penyesuaian kurikulum yang komprehensif dan penguatan sistem pendidikan farmasi agar pencapaian kompetensi lulusan lebih merata dan selaras dengan SKAI serta tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs).
The Indonesian Pharmacist Competency Standards serve as the foundation for developing the curriculum of the Pharmacy Undergraduate and Pharmacist Professional Education Programs. This curriculum is designed to produce competent graduates in pharmaceutical practice who meet professional demands and societal needs. Competency achievement is evaluated nationally through the Indonesian Pharmacist Professional Program Student Competency Examination (UKMPPAI). This study aims to analyze the gap between curriculum implementation and the Indonesian Pharmacist Competency Standards, as well as to identify the contributing factors, to support improvements in educational quality and the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
An explanatory case study approach was employed, with data collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews conducted at six pharmacy higher education institutions across five regional APTFI forums, representing various accreditation levels (Excellent, Very Good, and Good). Informants included program managers, lecturers, and students. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis in three stages: reading, coding, and theming assisted by NVivo 12 Pro software. To ensure the validity of the findings, the study's reporting followed the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist.
The findings reveal a curriculum implementation gap, characterized by misalignment between learning materials and the competency areas outlined in the Indonesian Pharmacist Competency Standards (SKAI), a lack of integration between undergraduate and professional curricula, and inconsistencies in the application of Outcome-Based Education (OBE). Prominent aspects of this gap include limited practical facilities, misalignment between curriculum implementation and the UKMPPAI blueprint, weak competency-based learning, and a learning environment that does not fully support student readiness. The contributing factors to this gap include variability in institutional quality, a shortage of competent teaching staff, limited collaboration with healthcare facilities, and weak, unsystematic curriculum evaluation and development. These results underscore the urgent need for comprehensive curriculum adjustments and the strengthening of the pharmacy education system to ensure more equitable graduate competence, aligned with SKAI and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Kata Kunci : Kurikulum Farmasi, Standar Kompetensi Apoteker Indonesia, Focus Group Discussion, Sustainable Development Goals
