Persepsi Apoteker Terhadap Biaya Jasa Profesi Pada Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek : Studi Kuantitatif di Provinsi Daerah Khusus Jakarta

Muhammad Erick Mutaqin, Prof. Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes. ; Dr. apt. Nanang Munif Yasin, M.Pharm.

2025 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Pelayanan kefarmasian merupakan komponen esensial dalam sistem kesehatan yang menuntut keterlibatan aktif apoteker dalam menjamin penggunaan obat yang aman, rasional, dan efektif. Namun, pelaksanaan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, salah satunya adalah belum adanya skema kompensasi yang jelas terhadap biaya jasa profesi apoteker, atau yang dikenal sebagai professional fee. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi apoteker terhadap biaya jasa profesi, mengidentifikasi besaran biaya jasa profesi yang ideal, serta menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik sosio-demografi dengan persepsi apoteker terhadap aspek pelayanan kefarmasian dan aspek harapan biaya jasa apoteker pada pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek wilayah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Jakarta.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 143 apoteker yang bekerja di apotek, dipilih melalui metode Convenience Sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner secara daring dan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi-square menggunakan software statistik yaitu SPSS version 25.

Persepsi apoteker terhadap aspek pelayanan kefarmasian tergolong tinggi. Terdapat 4 aspek yang mendapatkan skor tinggi yaitu seberapa penting penerapan biaya jasa profesi, dorongan pelayanan optimal, peningkatan apresiasi masyarakat dan perbaikan citra apotek. 2 aspek lainnya mendapatkan skor rendah yaitu kesesuaian dengan beban kerja dan upaya edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya biaya saja profesi. Sebanyak 66,4% responden memilih penerimaan biaya jasa secara kolektif, dan 86,0% menyatakan apoteker perlu mendapatkan biaya jasa profesi. Dalam aspek harapan biaya jasa profesi, jenis layanan yang paling diharapkan memperoleh biaya jasa adalah konseling (82,5%) dan pelayanan kefarmasian di rumah atau home pharmacy care (84,6%), dengan nominal yang diharapkan masing-masing yaitu >Rp45.000. Hasil analisis hubungan antara sosio-demografi dengan persepsi menunjukkan variabel usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lokasi praktik, pengalaman kerja, jabatan, kepemilikan apotek, pendapatan, dan omzet apotek tidak berpengaruh signifikan secara statistik (p > 0,05), kecuali jenis apotek (p = 0,014). Sementara itu, pada aspek harapan biaya jasa, variabel tingkat pendidikan (p = 0,002), jenis apotek (p = 0,000), dan omzet apotek (p = 0,001) menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p < 0>

Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya penguatan regulasi dan advokasi kebijakan terkait penetapan biaya jasa profesi sebagai bentuk pengakuan terhadap peran profesional apoteker. Dengan pendekatan yang berorientasi pada kesejahteraan dan penghargaan profesi, diharapkan mutu pelayanan kefarmasian di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan secara berkelanjutan.

Pharmaceutical care is an essential component of the healthcare system that requires the active involvement of pharmacists in ensuring the safe, rational, and effective use of medicines. However, the implementation of pharmaceutical care standards in community pharmacies still faces various challenges, one of which is the absence of a clear compensation scheme for pharmacists’ professional services, commonly referred to as a professional fee.

This study aims to examine pharmacists’ perceptions of professional fees, identify the ideal amount of such fees, and analyze the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and pharmacists’ perceptions of pharmaceutical care services, as well as their expectations regarding professional fees in pharmacies across the Special Capital Region of Jakarta.

A quantitative approach was employed using a cross-sectional design involving 143 pharmacists working in pharmacies, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, with chi-square tests performed via SPSS version 25.

Pharmacists’ perceptions of pharmaceutical care services were generally high. Four aspects scored highly: the perceived importance of implementing a professional fee, motivation to provide optimal service, increased public appreciation, and improved pharmacy image. However, two aspects received lower scores: the perceived appropriateness of current fees relative to workload and the effort to educate patients about the importance of professional fees. A total of 66.4% of respondents preferred receiving professional fees collectively, and 86.0?lieved pharmacists should be compensated through a professional fee. Regarding expectations, the most valued services for professional fees were counseling (82.5%) and home pharmacy care (84.6%), with a preferred fee of more than IDR 45,000 for each.

The analysis of the relationship between sociodemographic factors and perception revealed no statistically significant associations (p > 0.05) for variables such as age, gender, education level, practice location, work experience, position, ownership status, income, and pharmacy turnover, except for pharmacy type (p = 0.014). Meanwhile, in the expectation dimension, education level (p = 0.002), pharmacy type (p = 0.000), and pharmacy turnover (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with professional fee expectations (p < 0>

This study highlights the importance of strengthening regulation and policy advocacy related to the establishment of professional fees as a form of recognition for the professional role of pharmacists. With a focus on well-being and professional appreciation, the quality of pharmaceutical care in Indonesia is expected to improve sustainably.

Kata Kunci : Persepsi Apoteker, Jasa Profesi, Pelayanan Kefarmasian, Apotek, Jakarta