Kinerja Penjangkauan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah Berbasis Kelompok di Indonesia
Fiqih Afriadi, Prof. Dr. Catur Sugiyanto, MA.,; Dian Kartika Rahajeng, M.Sc., Ph.D.
2025 | Disertasi | S3 Agama dan Lintas Budaya
Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFIs) globally have grown positively and shown relatively good outreach performance. The innovation of group-based financing model pioneered by Grameen Bank with its various advantages has also been successfully replicated in various countries. Some replications of the group-based financing model in Indonesia adopt sharia values in the form of group-based IMFIs. Islamic Group-based IMFIs in Indonesia have experienced growth in customer outreach that continues to increase, and has even managed to exceed the reach of the entire national Islamic banking industry. The increased outreach of Islamic group-based IMFIs also shows the success of group-based IMFIs in dominating the market share of group-based financing in Indonesia. With this positive growth trend, the reach of Islamic group-based IMFIs in Indonesia has the potential to be the widest in the world compared to similar group-based IMFIs in other countries. The potential of group-based IMFIs is unfortunately not accompanied by the availability of complete national data. In addition, literature that discusses the outreach performance of group-based IMFIs in Indonesia nationally is still difficult to find.
In relation to this phenomenon, this research has three main objectives: First, to collect, summarize and present the names of group-based IMFIs that are still able to maintain their existence in Indonesia along with an explanation of their characteristics; Second, to collect, summarize and present the conditions of six aspects (scope, depth, timeframe, cost, benefits and breadth) of group-based MFI outreach in Indonesia; Third, to analyze the possibility of trade-offs between financial sustainability performance and outreach performance in group-based IMFIs, especially Micro Waqf Banks. The three research objectives show that this research has an exploratory purpose, where the authoraims to explore the scattered data and explore the hidden elements of the process of achieving outreach performance of group-based IMFIs in Indonesia, as well as revealing future development directions.
To achieve this objective, this research uses a case study research methodology with the unit of analysis of outreach performance of group-based IMFIs in Indonesia. The authorchose the case study methodology because “case study methodology is relatively strong in terms of discoverability and representability”, which are two strengths needed to achieve the objectives of this research. The limited and non-uniformity of available data is also a reason for choosing a case study methodology for this research, in which case triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data is acceptable in this case study methodology.
To achieve the first objective, researchers conducted data collection through several stages, namely online secondary data collection, and structured interviews. Through these stages, more complete and comprehensive data can be shown in six aspects of outreach which include; breadth, depth, timeframe, cost, benefits and scope of outreach. To achieve the second and third objectives, the authorconducted indepth interviews and interviews with the main actors of the selected group-based IMFIs, and the authoralso conducted Focus Group Discussions with practitioners in some of the group-based IMFIs. In addition, the exploratory data that researchers have obtained is also used as material for analysis as well as for consideration in determining the object of indepth interviews.
The research results are presented in Chapter IV to Chapter VII with details: Chapter IV discusses the process and results of the exploration of the existence of group-based IMFIs, where the results show that there are 5 group-based IMFIs with national outreach, 11 group-based SIMFIs with regional outreach, and 78 group-based IMFIs with local outreach. Chapter V discusses the results of the exploration of six aspects of outreach performance including breadth, depth, timeframe, scope, cost, and benefits of outreach. Chapter VII presents the results of the regression analysis which shows that there are indications of trade-offs between financial performance and social performance in Micro Waqf Banks, but the trade-offs that occur do not lead to deviations from the mission of serving the poor. Finally, Chapter VIII presents conclusions and implications of the research for the government and practitioners, as well as recommendations for future research.
Kata Kunci : LKMS, Kinerja Penjangkauan, Group Lending Model, Grameen Model, Pembiayaan Berbasis Kelompok, Outreach, Aspek-aspek Penjangkauan.