Kualitas Air dan Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Penaeus vannamei, Boone 1931), Kerang Kepah (Meretrix meretrix, Linnaeus 1758), dan Rumput Laut (Gracilaria verrucosa, (Hudson) Papenfuss 1950) yang Dipelihara dalam Sistem Terpadu

HAFIDA ROHIM, Dr. Ir. Bambang Triyatmo, M.P.

2025 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air dan pertumbuhan udang vaname, kerang kepah, dan rumput laut yang dipelihara dalam sistem budidaya terpadu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Unit Kolam Percobaan Stasiun Penelitian Departemen Perikanan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada dari bulan April-Juni 2024. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yaitu budidaya : udang vaname; udang vaname dan kerang kepah; udang vaname dan rumput laut; serta udang vaname, kerang kepah, dan rumput laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ember dengan volume air 60 liter per ember, yang pada siang hari dapat terkena sinar matahari langsung. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 42 hari (mengikuti siklus hidup/panen rumput laut). Dosis pakan udang vaname 5?ri biomassa udang vaname, kemudian menurun secara bertahap hingga mencapai 3 % di akhir masa budidaya. Setiap pekan air budidaya di sifon sebanyak 1 liter/ember. Penambahan air hanya dilakukan saat air menyusut akibat penguapan dan sifon. Data kualitas air dan pertumbuhan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan jika antar perlakuan terdapat beda nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test). Budidaya terpadu udang vaname, kerang kepah, dan rumput laut memiliki hasil kualitas air dan pertumbuhan terbaik. Kualitas air pada budidaya terpadu 3 komoditas tersebut mempunyai suhu 30,4-31,3 oC; salinitas 18,7-23,6 ppt; pH 7,5-8,3; bahan organik 0,27-48,29 mg/L; oksigen terlarut 3,00-4,62 mg/L; amonia total 0,01-0,08 mg/L; fosfat 0,11-0,40 mg/L; dan kecerahan air 15-42 cm. Nilai pertumbuhan udang vaname pada budidaya terpadu 3 komoditas tersebut menghasilkan pertumbuhan berat mutlak 2,6 ± 0,51 g; pertumbuhan berat spesifik 3,09 ± 0,55 %/hari; pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 4,9 ± 0,76 cm; pertumbuhan panjang spesifik sebesar 3,65 ± 0,50 %/hari; sintasan 94,4 ± 9,62 %; dan nisbah konversi pakan 1,19 ± 0,24.

This research had been carried out to determine water quality and growth of whiteleg shrimp, kepah clams, dan seaweed that were cultivated under integrated culture system. This research was conducted at the Experimental Pond Unit, Research Station, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University from April to June 2024. This research had done 4 treatments and 3 replications, which were cultivated: whiteleg shrimp; whiteleg shrimp and kepah clams; whiteleg shrimp and seaweed; also whiteleg shrimp, kepah clams, and seaweed. This research used 12 buckets with 60 liters of water per bucket, that during the day will get direct sunlight. Cultivation were carried out for 42 days (following seaweed life/harvest cycle). Dose of whiteleg shrimp feed was 5% of whiteleg shrimp biomass, then decreased gradually until reach 3 % in the end of cultivation. Every week 1 liter water was shiponed per bucket. Water was added only when the water decreased because of evaporation and shipon. The water quality and growth data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test and if there were significantly difference between treatments further DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) test were carried out. Integrated culture system of whiteleg shrimp, kepah clams, and seaweed treatment had the best water quality and shrimp growth results. Water quality in integrated culture system of those 3 comodities were namely temperature 30,4-31,3 oC; salinity 18,7-23,6 ppt; pH 7,5-8,3; organic matter 0,27-48,29 mg/L; dissolved oxygen 3,00-4,62 mg/L; total ammonia (Total Ammonia Nitrogen/TAN) 0,01-0,08 mg/L; phosphate 0,11-0,4 mg/L; and water brightness 15-42 cm. Growth of whiteleg shrimp that were cultivated under integrated culture system of those 3 comodities were namely absolute weight growth 2,6 ± 0,51 g; specific weight growth 3,09 ± 0,55 %/day; absolute length growth 4,9 ± 0,76 cm; specific length growth 3,65 ± 0,50 %/day; survival rate 94,4 ± 9,62 %; and feed conversion ratio 1,19 ± 0,24.

Kata Kunci : kualitas air, pertumbuhan, sistem budidaya terpadu, udang vaname