Pengaruh Anti-aging Crude Agaro-oligosaccharides terhadap Fungsi dan Struktur Histopatologis Ginjal Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769)) Aging

Irfan Ari Prasetyo, Dr.biol.hom. Nastiti Wijayanti, S.Si., M.Si.

2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penuaan atau aging merupakan proses alami yang umum dialami oleh setiap makhluk hidup, menyebabkan berbagai penurunan fungsi pada organ dan jaringan seperti ginjal. Agaro-oligosaccharides (AOS) merupakan senyawa turunan agarosa yang memiliki potensi aktivitas anti-aging. Meskipun begitu, kajiannya sebagai anti-aging secara in vivo belum dilaporkan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil hematologi, fungsi ginjal (kreatinin dan ureum), serta mengamati struktur histologi organ ginjal tikus putih usia tua (aging) setelah pemberian crude AOS. Tikus putih yang digunakan berumur 17 bulan (dewasa/aging) dan 3 bulan (kontrol), telah diaklimasi selama 7 hari, dan dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol serta perlakuan crude AOS. Pemberian crude AOS dilakukan secara oral dengan konsentrasi 1,35 mg/gBB/hari (dosis rendah) dan 6,03 mg/gBB/hari (dosis tinggi) selama empat minggu. Pada akhir perlakuan tikus dieutanasi, diambil darah via sinus orbitalis dan intrakardiak untuk uji profil hematologi dan uji fungsi organ ginjal, serta diambil ginjal untuk analisis struktur histologis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pemberian crude AOS dosis tinggi menurunkan kadar komponen hematologi, kreatinin, dan ureum tikus usia 3 bulan dan 17 bulan, namun tidak signifikan. Hasil analisis struktur histologi ginjal tikus putih yang diberi crude AOS dosis tinggi mengalami kerusakan yang lebih parah pada usia 17 bulan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa dosis rendah crude AOS (1,35 mg/gBB/hari) memiliki potensi mempertahankan fungsi organ ginjal yang lebih baik dari dosis tinggi crude AOS (6,03 mg/gBB/hari).

Aging is a common natural process experienced by every living being, causing various functional declines in organs and tissues such as the kidney. Agaro oligosaccharides (AOS) are agarose-derived compounds that have potential anti aging activity. However, its study as anti-aging in vivo has not been reported. Therefore, a study was conducted to study the hematological profile, kidney function (creatinine and ureum), and observe the histological structure of the kidney organs of aging white rats after administration of crude AOS. The white rats used were 17 months old (adult/aging) and 3 months old (control), acclimated for 7 days, and divided into control and crude AOS treatment groups. Administration of crude AOS was done orally with concentrations of 1.35 mg/gBB/day (low dose) and 6.03 mg/gBB/day (high dose) for four weeks. At the end of the treatment, rats were euthanized, blood was taken via sinus orbitalis and intracardiac for hematological profile test and renal organ function test, and kidneys were taken for histological structure analysis. The results of this study showed that the administration of high doses of crude AOS reduced the levels of hematological components, creatinine, and ureum of rats aged 3 months and 17 months, but not significantly. The results of the histological structure analysis of the kidneys of white rats given high doses of crude AOS were more severely damaged at 17 months of age. Based on these results, it is concluded that the low dose of crude AOS (1.35 mg/gBB/day) has the potential to maintain better renal organ function than the high dose of crude AOS (6.03 mg/gBB/day).

Kata Kunci : Hematologi; Histologi; Kreatinin; AOS; Ureum; Tikus Putih