Resiliensi Petani dalam Menghadapi Dampak Tambang Batu Bara: Studi Kasus di Desa Karang Tunggal, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur

Bella Paramitha, Dr. Hempri Suyatna, S.Sos., M.Si

2025 | Tesis | S2 PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Pertambangan batu bara di Kalimantan Timur telah menjadi sumber utama pendapatan negara, namun juga menghadirkan dampak serius terhadap ruang hidup masyarakat, khususnya petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana resiliensi petani di Desa Karang Tunggal terbentuk dalam menghadapi dampak pertambangan melalui tiga dimensi: kapasitas adaptif, kapasitas respons, dan transfromasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, melibatkan 9 informan yang terdiri dari petani, tokoh desa, perangkat pemerintah, dan perwakilan lembaga terkait. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan FGD. 

Hasil penelitian menunjukakan bahwa kapasitas adaptif terbentuk melalui strategi mikro seperti diversifikasi pendapatan , jaringan sosial berbasis rewangan, serta pemanfaatan akses terbatas terhadap alat produksi. Kapasitas respons mencerminkan kesiapsiagaan individual dan gotong royong kolektif namun belum terintegrasi dalam kelembagaan yang mapan. Kemudian, transformasi masih bersifat sporadis dan eksperimental dengan inisiatif baru dibidang ekonomi dan inovasi teknologi, tetapi belum konsolidatif. Menurut perspektif resiliensi kritis, resiliensi petani terbentuk bukan karena sistem yang mendukung, melainkan karena upaya bertahan dalam kondisi ketimpangan struktural yang berlangsung lama.

Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya penguatan dukungan kelembagaan desa, fleksibilitas skema pembiayaan pertanian, serta penyediaan ruang representasi substantif bagi petani. Resiliensi sejati hanya mungkin dicapai jika kebijakan pembangunan berpihak pada keadilan ekologis dan sosial.

Kata kunci: resiliensi, petani, tambang batu bara, kapasitas adaptif, kapasitas respons, transformasi.

ABSTRACT

Coal mining in East Kalimantan has become a major source of state revenue, but it has also caused serious disruptions to the living space of rural communities, particularly farmers. This study aims to explore how the resilience of farmers in Karang Tunggal Village is shaped in response to coal mining impacts through three dimensions: adaptive capacity, response capacity, and transformation. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research involved 9 informants including farmers, village leaders, local government officials, and institutional stakeholders. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions.

The findings show that adaptive capacity was built through micro-level strategies such as income diversification, social networks based on rewangan (mutual help), and limited access to agricultural inputs. Response capacity reflects individual preparedness and collective cooperation, yet remains weak in terms of institutional integration. Meanwhile, transformation efforts are still sporadic and experimental—emerging in the form of economic and technological initiatives but lacking structural consolidation. Through the lens of critical resilience, it becomes evident that farmers’ resilience arises not from supportive systems but from their struggle to survive amid long-standing structural inequalities.

This study recommends strengthening village-level institutional support, reforming agricultural credit schemes to be more flexible, and ensuring meaningful representation for farmers in policy-making processes. True resilience can only be achieved when development policies prioritize ecological and social justice.

Keywords: resilience, farmers, coal mining, adaptive capacity, response, transformation.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: resiliensi, petani, tambang batu bara, kapasitas adaptif, kapasitas respons, transformasi