Perbandingan Efektivitas dan Keamanan Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist dan Proton Pump Inhibitor Sebagai Profilaksis Stress Ulcer Pada Pasien Dengan Pembedah
Rima Nurul Fauziyah, Prof. Dr. apt. Agung Endro Nugroho, M.Si., FISQua; Prof. Dr. apt. Zullies Ikawati
2025 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Farmasi Klinik
Critical condition patients in the intensive care unit are at risk of gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric hypoperfusion, gastric barrier damage and increased gastric acid production. One of the risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding is major surgery or trauma, so the need for surgery is an indication for stress ulcer prophylaxis. However, in its use there are concerns related to adverse effects such as an increased risk of lung infection, namely pneumonia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness and safety between PPI and H2RA as stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with surgery in the ICU.
This study was a retrospective cohort study, which was conducted on a population of patients who underwent surgery in the ICU of Dr. Sardjito Hospital and received PPI (Omeprazole/Lansoprazole) or H2RA (Ranitidine) or H2RA prophylaxis. Data collection used consecutive sampling methods, with observation through medical records during the period January 2022 to December 2023. To determine the relationship between research variables, data were analyzed using the Chi-square or Fisher's Exact Test, and Multiple Logistic Regression. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of stress ulcer prophylaxis, which was assessed based on the presence or absence of gastrointestinal bleeding, where therapy was considered effective if bleeding did not occur. In addition, the safety aspect of stress ulcer prophylaxis was also assessed.
The study included 160 subjects, with 80 patients in each group. Bleeding events were more frequent in the PPI group (32.5%) compared to the H2RA group (26.3%). There was no statistically significant difference in bleeding incidence between the two groups (P>0.05). Pneumonia occurred more frequently in the PPI group (12.5%) compared to the H2RA group (11.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in pneumonia incidence between the two groups (P>0.05). Further research is needed to determine the optimal choice of stress ulcer prophylaxis in this population.
Kata Kunci : Profilaksis stress ulcer, Proton Pump Inhibitor, H-2 Receptor Antagonist, perdarahan saluran cerna, pneumonia