Keluhan gangguan kesehatan pada petambang emas tanpa izin (PETI) dan masyarakat dalam kaitan dengan paparan merkuri di sekitar Sungai Kapuas Kecamatan Nanga Sepauk Kabupaten Sintang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

RUDOLF, Drs. Maulina Diah Sukarlan, Apt.,M.Kes

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Kerja

Penggunaan bahan logam merkuri dalam Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Ijin (PETI) di perairan sungai Kapuas kecamatan Nanga Sepauk kabupaten Sintang Propinsi Kalimantan Barat dapat menimbulkan keluhan gangguan kesehatan terhadap penambang emas dan masyarakat sekitar lokasi PETI yang mengkonsumsi air sungai Kapuas dan ikan sebagai kebutuhan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antara: (1).Perbedaan penderitaan penyakit akibat kadar Hg antara kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang. (2). Perbedaan kadar Hg rambut kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang.(3). Perbedaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan umur kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang. (4). Perbedaaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan lama bermukim kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang. (5). Perbedaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan masa kerja kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang. Jenis penelitian ini non experimental study dengan rancangan penelitian retrospective study yaitu mengamati keluhan gangguan kesehatan pada penambang emas tanpa izin dan masyarakat dengan paparan merkuri di sekitar sungai Kapuas kecamatan Nanga Sepauk kabupaten Sintang Propinsi Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan catatan medis puskesmas, wawancara dan kuesioner. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 86 orang. Kadar merkuri rambut, ikan dan air diukur dengan alat Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CV-AAS) di laboratorium penguji Balai Riset dan Standarisasi Industri dan Perdagangan Pontianak Kalimanta Barat. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa: (1).Ada perbedaan penderitaan penyakit akibat kadar Hg antara kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang, (p) = 0,030 (p<0,05).(2).Tidak ada perbedaan kadar Hg rambut kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang, (p) = 0,084 (p > 0,05).(3). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan umur kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang, (p) = 0,360 (p > 0,05). (4). Tidak ada perbedaaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan lama bermukim kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang, (p) = 0,236 (p > 0,05). (5). Tidak ada perbedaan kadar Hg rambut berdasarkan masa bekerja kelompok petambang dan kelompok non petambang, (p) = 0,278 (p > 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keluhan gangguan kesehatan yang dirasakan oleh petambang dan non petambang dikarenakan mengkonsumsi ikan, dan air sungai Kapuas yang sudah tercemar kadar merkuri (Hg) dan adanya kadar Hg pada rambut petambang dan non petambang.

The use of metal mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining along the river of Kapuas in the subdistrict of Nanga Sepauk, district of Sintang, the province of West Kalimantan can cause complaints of health disorder among gold miners and the people around the Illegal Gold Mining site consuming the water of Kapuas and fish for their daily neccesities. The res earch is aimed at determining : (1) the difference of diseases or health disorders caused by the content of Hg between the groups of miners and non-miners, (2) the difference of hair Hg content between the groups of miners and non -miners, (3) the difference of hair Hg content based on the age of groups of miners and non -miners, (4) the difference of hair Hg content based on the term of living around the gold mining site between the groups of miners and non-miners, (5) the difference of hair Hg content based on the work term between the groups of miners and non -miners. The research is a non experimental study with the retrospective research design to observe the complaint of health disorders among illegal gold miners and the public exposed to mercury along the river of Kapuas in the subdistrict of Nanga Sepauk, the district of Sintang, the province of West Kalimantan according to the medical record of public health center, interview and questionnaire. The research uses 86 subjects. The mercury content in hair, fish and water is measured using Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotomety (CV-AAS) at the test laboratory of the Research Center and Industrial Standard and Trade Center of Pontianak West Kalimantan. The result of the research indicates that: (1).There is a difference of health disorders caused by Hg content between the groups of miners and non-miners, (p) = 0,030 (p<0,05).(2). There is no difference of hair Hg content between the groups of miners and non-miners, (p) = 0,084 (p =0,05).(3).There is no difference of hair Hg content based on the age groups between the groups of miners and non-miners, (p) = 0,360 (p > 0,05).(4).There is no difference of hair Hg content based on the term of living around the mining site between the groups of miners and non-miners, (p) = 0,236 (p > 0,05).(5).There is a difference of hair Hg content between the groups of miners and non -miners, (p) = 0,278 (p > 0,05). The result shows that the complaint of health disorder perceived by the groups of miners and non-miners caused by consumption of fish and water taken from the river of Kapuas contaminated by mercury content (Hg) and that there is Hg content in miners and non-miners hair.

Kata Kunci : Kesehatan Kerja, Merkuri, Gangguan Kesehatan, Petambang Emas