Understanding the flight activity for decision making in management of Bemisia tabaci

RAHAYU, Serafina Tri Suprapti, Dr.Ir. Y. Andi Trisyono, MSc

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hama Tumbuhan

Aktifitas penerbangan dewasa B .tabaci dipelajari dengan menggunakan perangkap kuning berperekat. Untuk melihat hubungan antara aktifitas penerbangan dengan waktu, perangkap kuning berperekat dipasang di lapangan dengan interval waktu 6.00-10.00, 10.00-14.00, 14.00-18.00, dan 18.00-6.00. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktifitas penerbangan dengan fenologi tanaman cabe, perangkap kuning berperekat dipasang di lapangan 24 jam selama tujuh hari. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum tanam, awal tanam (1-7 HST), dan awal berbunga (59-65 HST). Pengamatan kepadatan populasi dilakukan dengan cara memasang perangkap kuning berperekat di lapangan selama tujuh hari sepanjang musim tanam. Tiga jenis insektisida (thiacloprid, PSO, dan diafenthiuron) dievaluasi keefektifannya untuk mengendalikan populasi B. tabaci dan mencegah insiden penyakit. Aplikasi dilakukan setiap minggu dimulai dari seminggu sesudah tanam sampai seminggu sebelum panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas penerbangan dewasa B. tabaci dimulai pada masa awal musim tanam pada saat tanaman ada di lapangan. Aktifitas penerbangan tertinggi terjadi di pagi hari (6.00-10.00). Populasi B. tabaci mencapai puncaknya pada waktu buah cabe masak, dan mulai menurun ketika cabe memasuki masa panen dan tanaman mulai meranggas. Aplikasi insektisida setiap minggu dimulai dari seminggu sesudah tanam sampai seminggu sebelum panen mampu menekan populasi B. tabaci pada saat terjadi puncak kepadatan populasi. Penurunan populasi B. tabaci tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada penekanan perkembangan insiden penyakit. Deteksi molekular menunjukkan bahwa penyakit keriting kuning yang menyerang cabe disebabkan oleh begomovirus.

Flight activity of adults of Bemisia tabaci was determined using the yellow sticky traps. To see the relationship between flight activity with the time, the yellow sticky traps were placed in the field at 6.00 to 10.00 am, 10.00 am to 2.00 pm, 2.00 to 6.00 pm, and 6.00 pm to 6.00 am. In addition, to see the relatioship between flight activity and phenology of chili crops, the yellow sticky traps were placed before planting, early planting (1-7 DAT), and early flowering (59-65 DAT) for 24 hours during seven consecutive days. Monitoring of population density were carried out by placing the yellow sticky traps in the field for seven days throughout growing season. Three insecticides (thiacloprid, PSO, and diafenthiuron) were evaluated on their efficacy in decreasing the population of B.tabaci and preventing the disease incidence. Applications were made weekly started at the first week after transplanting until a week before harvest. The results showed that flight activity of the adults of B. tabaci started at the beginning of the season when the crops emerged in the field. The highest flight activity occured in the morning (6.00 to 10.00 am). The population reached the peak during maturation of chili fruits, and decreased when the fruits harvested or the crops deterioted. Application of insecticides weekly started from first week after transplanting until a week before harvest were able to suppress the B. tabaci density during the peak of population. However, a decrease in the population of B.tabaci did not have any significant effect on the development of the disease. Molecular detection showed that the disease was caused by begomovirus.

Kata Kunci : Entomologi,Bemisia Tabaci,Aktivitas Penerbangan, flight activity, yellow sticky trap, efficacy, Bemisia tabaci