Analisis penotip dan genotip ayam merawang dalam masa pertumbuhan

ZAINAL, Hasnelly, Dr.Ir. Jafendi H.P. Sidadolog

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Ayam Merawang merupakan ayam lokal dari daerah Merawang pulau Bangka, Sumatera Selatan mempunyai spesifikasi khusus dengan warna bulu yang seragam coklat kemerahan atau keemasan mirip Rhode Island Red. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari penotip dan genotip sifat pertumbuhan ayam Merawang. Dari 5 kelompok perkawinan 5 ekor pejantan dan 20 ekor induk masing-masing kelompok 1 ekor pejantan dengan 3-5 ekor induk dihasilkan 113 ekor anak ayam Merawang yang terdiri dari (55 ekor jantan dan 58 betina), diberi pakan protein rendah (PR) CP18% : ME 2.700 kcal/kg, protein tinggi (PT) CP 21% : ME 3.150 kcal/kg dengan imbangan protein dan energi yang sama (1: 150). Perlakuan adalah pemberian pakan yang berbeda pada pagi dan sore hari, yaitu: 1. PR(pagi)–PR(sore), 2. PT(pagi)–PT(sore), 3. PT(pagi)-PR(sore) 4. PR(pagi)-PT(sore). Pengamatan meliputi : berat badan, konsumsi pakan, umur 0 sampai 12 minggu. Data dianalisis dengan analisis variansi nested design (struktur hirarkhis) untuk mendapatkan komponen variansi dan kovariansi. Komponen variansi dan kovariansi digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai-nilai genetik (heritabilitas) dan korelasi genetik sifat pertumbuhan ayam Merawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaruh pakan terhadap berat badan, pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, konsumsi protein, energi dan konversi pakan menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P≤0,01). Pemberian pakan PR(pagi)–PT(sore) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dan lebih efisien dalam penggunaan pakan. Pertumbuhan ayam jantan lebih cepat, jumlah konsumsi lebih banyak dan lebih efisien dalam penggunaan pakan dibandingkan ayam betina. Pewarisan sifat pertumbuhan berdasarkan komponen variansi jantan (2hˆ s) tinggi pada umur 6 sampai 12 minggu berkisar antara 0,30 sampai 0,85. Korelasi penotip dan genotip tinggi pada umur 8 terhadap 10 sebesar 0,76 dan 0,92.

Merawang chicken was a native local chicken from Merawang District at Bangka Island, South Sumatera, with a special specification in uniform feather color of retbrown or gold, which was similar the Rhode Island Red. The study was conducted to investigate the phenotype and genotype traits of growth of Merawang chicken. The chicken were produced from mating group of 5 males and 20 females, with the ratio of 1 male the 3 to 5 females respectively. All of 113 chickens (55 males and 58 females) were reared with different rations of 18% CP ; 2,700 kcal/kg of ME (LP), and 21% CP ; 3,150 kcal/kg ME (HP) with protein , energy ratio of 1:150 respectively, the feeding treatments for morning (a.m) and evening (p.m) were (1) Low protein (LP) morning-(LP) evening; (2) High protein (HP) morning-(HP) evening; (3) (HP) morning-(LP) evening; and (4) (LP) morning-(HP) evening, respectively. The data of body-weight and feed consumption for 2 to 12 weeks of ages were collected . The data were analyzed by Analisis of variance for nested design to obtaen component of variance and covariance. The Variance component was used for estimating the heritability and genetic correlation of growth trait of Merawang chicken. The results indicated that the effect of dietary treatment on the body-weight, gain-weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were significant by differences (P≤0.01). The feeding treatmant in the morning (LP) and evening (HP) resulted the best and the most efficiency of feeding. The growth of male was faster, and the feed consumption was greater and more efficent than the female chicken. The heritability of growth based on was higher at 6 to 12 weeks of age (0.30 to 0.85), and the based on female (2hˆ d) and male (2hˆ s) the combination between male and female2hˆ (s+d) were better. The phenotype correlation (rp) and genetic correlation (rg) at 8 week to 10 were 0.76 and 0.92 respectively.

Kata Kunci : Ayam Merawang,Pertumbuhan,Pakan,Genetik Ayam, Phenotype, Genotype, Heritability, Merawang chicken, and Growth rates