Prarancangan Pabrik Litium Karbonat, Nikel Sulfat, dan Kobalt Sulfat sebagai Prekursor Baterai Litium dari Blackmass Baterai NMC Bekas dengan Kapasitas 20.000 Ton Blackmass/Tahun
Muhammad Hanif Wicaksono, Prof. Ir. Indra Perdana, S.T., M.T., Ph. D.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Nowadays, the development of technology in the
automotive sector in the world including Indonesia has made the transition of
motor vehicles that use fuel oil to electric power (Electric Vehicles). Based
on the analysis of automotive developments and government policies on electric
vehicles in Indonesia, it is predicted that starting in 2035 at least 200,000
tons of NMC (Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt) Lithium battery waste will be collected
per year. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a battery waste processing
industry so that it can be processed and reused as a battery making material.
The NMC type battery blackmass waste processing plant uses leaching,
precipitation, and evaporative crystallization processes. The metal that
undergoes a leaching reaction with Sulfuric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide will
form metal sulphate and is separated using multilevel precipitation with NaOH
to form Mixed Hydroxide Precipitates (MHP) and Lithium Compounds. Lithium
compounds will form lithium carbonate while MHP will be further processed with
ammoniacal leaching to form nickel and cobalt compounds. The results of
ammoniacal leaching will be purified by precipitation and leaching
respectively. In the final stage, nickel sulphate and cobalt sulphate are
formed into nickel sulphate hexahydrate and cobalt sulphate heptahydrate as the
final products.
The NMC battery blackmass waste processing process of 20,000 tons per year (330 days, 24 hours), at least requires raw materials of 98% H2SO4 of 45,312 MT/year, 30% H2O2 12,163 MT/year, NaOH pellets 12,525 MT/year, 99% Na2CO3 14,875 MT/year, NH4OH 7945 MT/year, (NH4)2SO4 1,972 MT/year. In addition, the main supporting materials are also needed such as make-up water as much as 7161.35 m3/day, 4,391 kg/hour, 15.5 MMBTU/hour coal, and electricity of 32,47 MW. Some exothermic processes also require cooling water. The total cooling requirement is as much as 100,1 m3/hour. The end of the processing of this plant will produce metal precipitates as the main product, namely 310,3 kg/hour of Lithium Carbonate 96,4%, 562,21 kg/hour Cobalt Sulphate Heptahydrate, 1158,3 kg/hour Nickel Sulphate Hexahydrate, and 249,09 kg/hour graphite. In addition, by-products are also produced in the form of 5826,46 kg/hour of 99% Sodium Sulphate, 249,0933 kg/hour of crude Iron (II) Hydroxide - Aluminum Hydroxide, 124,54 kg/hour of crude Copper (II) Hydroxide and Manganese (II) Hydroxide. The plant designed to stand on land with an area of ??250 ha with a building area of ??100 ha. The capital for the establishment of the factory is in the form of fixed capital of US$ 38.330.096,03 and Rp 116.143.697.491,39 while the operating capital of the factory in the form of working capital is US$ 6.560.554,40 and Rp225.942.426.755,18. Based on the economic analysis that is calculated, it will generate a net profit of US$ 18.285.437,52 / year, with ROI and POT parameters before tax of 40,83% and 2,02 years. In addition, the BEP and SDP values ????are also obtained at 40,88% and 23,41%, and the DCFRR value of 24,38%. Based on the assessment of economic feasibility parameters, the designed blackmass battery waste processing plant is attractive to be established.
Kata Kunci : Baterai, Leaching, Presipitasi, Litium Karbonat, Nikel Sulfat Heksahidrat, Kobalt Sulfat Heptahidrat