ANALISIS SPASIAL TINDAK KEJAHATAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Ardanie Rifda Azhaar, Media Wahyudi Askar, SIP., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Administrasi Publik

Tindak kejahatan menjadi salah satu masalah sosial yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius sebab mengalami peningkatan dari waktu ke waktu, terutama di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Peningkatan tindak kejahatan di DIY dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor, diantaranya yaitu kepadatan penduduk, ratio police officers per residents, dan place-based policing, sehingga diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh yang diberikan ketiga faktor tersebut terhadap tindak kejahatan di DIY. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan spasial, penelitian ini berusaha mengisi kesenjangan literatur mengenai perubahan pola distribusi spasial tindak kejahatan dan daerah rawan kejahatan, serta pengaruh ratio police officers per residents, place-based policing, dan kepadatan penduduk terhadap tindak kejahatan, dalam hal ini di DIY tahun 2020-2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan data dari Kepolisian Daerah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (Polda DIY), Badan Pusat Statistik, dan Badan Informasi Geospasial. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa: pertama, terdapat perubahan pola distribusi spasial tindak kejahatan di DIY tahun 2020-2023. Kedua, tidak terdapat perubahan pada daerah rawan tindak kejahatan di DIY tahun 2020-2023. Ketiga, ratio police officers per residents, place-based policing mempengaruhi peningkatan tindak kejahatan di Sleman, Bantul, dan Gunungkidul, sedangkan kepadatan penduduk mempengaruhi peningkatan tindak kejahatan di Kota Yogyakarta. Berdasarkan temuan dalam penelitian ini, Polda DIY diharapkan dapat mengidentifikasi tindak kejahatan melalui pendekatan spasial dengan mengamati daerah rawan kejahatan, lokasi tempat kejadian perkara kejahatan disekitar kantor kepolisian setempat, dan pola pergerakan pelaku kejahatan lintas wilayah.

Crime is one of the social problems that needs serious attention because it has increased over time, especially in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The increase in crime in DIY can be caused by various factors, including population density, the ratio of police officers per residents, and place-based policing, so further analysis is needed to determine the influence of these three factors on crime in DIY. By using a spatial approach, this study attempts to fill the literature gap regarding changes in the spatial distribution pattern of crime and crime-prone areas, as well as the influence of the ratio of police officers per residents, place-based policing, and population density on crime, in this case in DIY in 2020-2023. The research utilizes data from the Yogyakarta Special Region Police (Polda DIY), the Central Statistics Agency, and the Geospatial Information Agency. The findings indicate that: first, there was a change in the spatial distribution pattern of crime in DIY in 2020-2023. Second, there was no change in crime areas in DIY in 2020-2023. Third, the ratio of police officers per residents, place-based policing affects the increase in crime in Sleman, Bantul, and Gunungkidul, while population density affects the increase in crime in Yogyakarta City. Based on the findings in this study, the DIY Regional Police are expected to be able to identify crime through a spatial approach by observing crime-prone areas, locations of crime scenes around local police stations, and patterns of movement of criminals across regions.

Kata Kunci : analisis spasial, spatial autocorelation, tindak kejahatan, kepolisian