Penerapan Tes Human Immunodeficiency Virus pada Perempuan Hamil: Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Indonesia terhadap Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

Andi Shufiyah Qulub, Prof. Dr. Agustinus Supriyanto, S.H., M.Si.

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan tes HIV pada perempuan hamil di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada harmonisasi antara peraturan perundang-undangan nasional dan CEDAW. Walaupun tes HIV/AIDS pada perempuan hamil telah diterapkan, pelaksanaannya masih menghadapi kendala dalam memastikan hak-hak perempuan dihormati, terutama dalam akses layanan kesehatan, edukasi berbasis gender, dan penghormatan terhadap persetujuan yang diinformasikan. Hal ini menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian antara praktik yang ada dan standar internasional dalam CEDAW.

Metode yang digunakan adalah mixed method dengan pendekatan explanatory sequential, menggabungkan analisis normatif terhadap regulasi yang ada dan pendekatan empiris melalui wawancara serta survei di Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi nasional Indonesia belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan Rekomendasi Umum Nomor 15 dan 24 dari Komite CEDAW, terutama terkait integrasi prinsip-prinsip hak asasi perempuan, penguatan edukasi berbasis gender, dan penghormatan terhadap hak perempuan untuk memberikan persetujuan yang diinformasikan dalam konteks medis.

Rekomendasi utama adalah perlunya revisi kebijakan nasional yang mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip CEDAW, termasuk penguatan sistem layanan kesehatan yang sensitif gender dan edukasi kesehatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perempuan hamil. Kebijakan ini diharapkan memperkuat perlindungan terhadap perempuan hamil, memastikan mereka menerima layanan kesehatan yang adil dan tanpa diskriminasi, serta mendukung sistem kesehatan yang lebih inklusif dan responsif terhadap kebutuhan perempuan.

This study aims to examine the implementation of HIV testing for pregnant women in Indonesia, with a particular focus on the harmonization between national legal frameworks and CEDAW. Although HIV/AIDS testing has been introduced as a health intervention for pregnant women, its implementation continues to face various challenges, especially in ensuring that women's rights are upheld. These challenges include limited access to healthcare services, the lack of comprehensive gender-sensitive education, and insufficient respect for the principle of informed consent. Such issues indicate a significant gap between existing practices and the international human rights standards mandated by CEDAW.

The research adopts a mixed-method approach using an explanatory sequential design, combining normative legal analysis with empirical data collection through interviews and surveys conducted in Makassar. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s national regulations have not yet fully aligned with General Recommendations No. 15 and 24 issued by the CEDAW Committee. These gaps are particularly evident in the insufficient integration of women’s human rights principles, inadequate promotion of gender-sensitive health education, and the limited recognition of women's autonomy in making informed medical decisions.

Based on these findings, this study recommends a comprehensive revision of national health policies to ensure better integration of CEDAW principles. This includes strengthening gender-sensitive healthcare systems, enhancing community-based education that reflects the specific needs of pregnant women, and institutionalizing informed consent as a fundamental right in maternal health services. Such reforms are essential to improving the protection of pregnant women, guaranteeing equitable and non-discriminatory access to healthcare, and supporting a more inclusive and responsive public health system that meets the diverse needs of women in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Tes HIV, Perempuan Hamil, CEDAW