Adsorpsi Ciprofloxacin Pada Biochar Okara Terimobilisasi Kalsium Alginat

Fridom Nikolas Lalus, Dr. rer.nat. Adhitasari Suratman, S.Si., M.Si ; Prof. Drs. Dwi Siswanta, M.Eng., Ph.D

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kimia

Penelitian tentang adsorpsi ciprofloxacin pada biochar okara terimobilisasi kalsium alginat telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat biochar okara bead sebagai adsorben ciprofloxacin dan mengetahui kondisi optimal adsorpsinya. Pembuatan biochar okara bead diawali dengan pengeringan ampas tahu dan dilanjutkan dengan pirolisis hingga terbentuk serbuk biochar okara. Serbuk biochar okara yang diperoleh lalu diaktivasi kemudian diimobilisasi dengan kalsium alginat hingga terbentuk biochar okara bead. Karakterisasi biochar okara dan biochar okara bead menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dan Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Metode batch digunakan untuk mengkaji proses adsorpsi ciprofloxacin melalui penentuan kondisi optimum pH, rasio adsorben, konsentrasi awal, dan waktu kontak. Konsentrasi awal ditentukan dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis.

Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa biochar okara terimobilisasi kalsium alginat telah berhasil disintesis. Analisis dengan SEM-EDX menunjukkan keberhasilan proses adsorpsi dengan meningkatnya %massa C, N, dan F pada material yang telah digunakan untuk adsorpsi. Pengkajian adsorpsi memberikan informasi bahwa proses adsorpsi ciprofloxacin oleh biochar okara bead secara optimal terjadi pada kondisi pH larutan 4, rasio adsorben sebesar 2,0 mg/mL, konsentrasi awal 200 mg L–1, dan waktu kontak selama 120 menit. Studi isotherm sendiri menunjukkan adsorpsi ciprofloxacin oleh biochar okara bead mengikuti model isoterm Freundlich dengan nilai konstanta Freundlich 2,066 L mol–1. Model kinetika adsorpsi pseudo-second order menjadi model kinetika yang paling tepat untuk menjelaskan proses kinetika adsorpsi yang terjadi pada adsorpsi ciprofloxacin oleh biochar okara bead dengan konstanta laju adsorpsi 5,87×10–4 g mg–1 menit–1. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kapasitas adsorpsi optimal ciprofloxacin oleh biochar okara bead mencapai 76,34 mg g–1.

Research on the adsorption of ciprofloxacin onto calcium alginate-immobilized okara biochar has been conducted. This study aims to fabricate okara biochar beads as adsorbents for ciprofloxacin and to determine the optimal conditions for adsorption. The preparation of okara biochar beads began with drying tofu pulp, followed by pyrolysis to produce okara biochar powder. The resulting biochar powder was activated and immobilized with calcium alginate to form okara biochar beads. Characterization of the okara biochar and okara biochar beads was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The batch method was employed to study the adsorption process by determining the optimal pH, adsorbent dosage, initial ciprofloxacin concentration, and contact time. The initial concentration of ciprofloxacin was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

The characterization results show that calcium alginate-immobilized okara biochar has been successfully synthesized. Analysis with SEM-EDX reveals the success of the adsorption process, as evidenced by an increase in the mass percentage of C, N, and F in the adsorption material. The adsorption study provides information indicating that the adsorption of ciprofloxacin by okara biochar beads occurs optimally under the following conditions: a solution pH of 4, an adsorbent ratio of 2.0 mg/mL, an initial concentration of 200 mg L–1, and a contact time of 120 minutes. The isotherm study itself shows that the adsorption of ciprofloxacin by okara bead biochar follows the Freundlich isotherm model with a Freundlich constant of 2.066 L mol–1. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model is the most appropriate model to explain the adsorption kinetics process occurring in the adsorption of ciprofloxacin by okara biochar beads, with an adsorption rate constant of 5.87×10–4 g mg–1 min–1. Based on the study conducted, the optimal adsorption capacity of ciprofloxacin by biochar okara beads reached 76.34 mg g–1.

Kata Kunci : adsorpsi, ampas tahu, bead, biochar, ciprofloxacin/adsorption, okara, bead, biochar, ciprofloxacin.