Preparasi, karakterisasi dan modifikasi katalis Ni3-Pd1/Zeolit-Y untuk hidrorengkah fraksi aspalten dari aspal buton dengan sistem reaktor semi Batch
SALAMAH, Siti, Dr. Wega Trisunaryanti, MS
2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu KimiaTelah dilakukan penelitian preparasi, karakterisasi dan modifikasi katalis Ni3-Pd1/Zeolit-Y untuk hidrorengkah fraksi aspalten dari aspal Buton dengan sistem reaktor semi batch. Meningkatnya kebutuhan katalis dalam industri pengolahan minyak dan gas bumi diperlukan usaha untuk membuat katalis sendiri tanpa bergantung pada katalis import. Preparasi katalis dilakukan dengan proses pertukaran ion. Logam yang diembankan adalah Ni dan Pd dengan perbandingan Ni : Pd = 3 : 1 dengan logam total yang diembankan 1%, 5 % dan 10 % b/b terhadap berat zeolit. Kandungan logam ditentukan dengan Neutron Activation Analysis. Keasaman ditentukan mengunakan metode gravimetri adsorpsi uap piridin, luas permukaan spesifik, total volume pori dan rerata jejari pori diukur dengan menggunakan Surface area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Hidrorengkah dilakukan dengan sistem reaktor semi batch, dengan kondisi operasi meliputi temperatur reaksi, tekanan, waktu reaksi, laju alir gas dan rasio katalis /umpan masing-masing 400 oC, 10 atm, 4 jam, 140 ml/menit dan 1/4. Umpan aspalten merupakan fraksi tak larut pentana larut benzena (PI-BS) dari aspal Buton. Produk hidrorengkah dianalisis berupa H2S ditentukan dengan metode titrasi iodometri, fraksi gas dan kokas ditentukan secara gravimetri dan fraksi cair (CHH) dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas (GC) dan kromatografi gas spektromassa. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa logam yang terembankan masingmasing 1 %, 4,6% dan 5,2 %. Keasaman, luas permukaan spesifik, volume pori total, rerata jejari pori, aktivitas dan selektifvitas katalis dipengaruhi oleh kandungan logam total dalam katalis. Pengembanan logam menaikkan keasaman. Semakin besar kandungan logam total maka luas permukaan, volume total pori dan kristanilitas semakin menurun demikian juga konversi hidrorengkahnya. Katalis Ni3-Pd1/Z-Y menghasilkan fraksi C7-C12 (gasoline) yang tinggi demikian juga kemampuan desulfurisasinya. Katalis Ni3-Pd1(1%)/Z-Y mempunyai aktivitas dan selektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan katalis lainnya. Katalis ini mempunyai luas permukaan, konversi total dan kemampuan desulfurisasi paling tinggi, selektif terhadap hidrokarbon fraksi C7-C12 (gasolin) serta penurunan kristanilitas dan pembentukan kokas yang rendah. Luas permukaan = 496,5196m2/gr, konversi total = 47,61 %, H2S = 2,17 % dan kokas = 0,66 %.
Preparation, characterisation and their modification of Ni3-Pd1/Zeolit-Y catalysts for hydrocracking of asphaltene fraction from Butonion asphalt using the semi batch reactor system have been carried out. The increased catalyst necessity in oil and natural gas industry were effort necessary for synthesis catalyst without depended on imported catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by ion exchange method, metal loaded were Ni and Pd with ratio Ni : Pd of 3 : 1. The total metal loaded were 1 %, 5% and 10 wt % based on the zeolite weight. The total metal loaded was determined using Neutron Activation Analysis. The catalyst acidity was determined using gravimetric method by adsorption of pyridine vapor and specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore radius were measured by Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA–1000). The hydrocracking was carried out in reactor system semi batch, operation condition included temperature, reaction time, pressure, gas flow rate and catalyst/feed ratio were 400°C, 4 h, 10 atm, 140 ml/minute and 1/4, respectively. The asphaltene was a pentane insoluble-benzene soluble (PI-BS) fraction of Butonian asphalt. The hydrocracking products, i.e: H2S was determined by iodometric titration method, gas fraction and coke were determined by gravimetric method and liquid fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography spectrometry. The results showed that total of metal loaded were 1 %, 4.6 % and 5.2 % to produce Ni3-Pd1(1%)/Z-Y , Ni3-Pd1(4.6%)/Z-Y and Ni3-Pd1(5.2 %)/Z-Y catalysts respectively .The acidity, specific surface area, total pore volume, average pore radius, activity and selectivity were affected content total metals were loaded in catalyst. The loading of metal was increased its acidity .The increased total of metal content that decreased specific surface area, total pore volume and crystanility as well as the hydrocracking convertion. The Ni3-Pd1/Z-Y catalyst selectived higher fraction hydrocarbons C7-C12 and highest desulfurization ability. The Ni3-Pd1(1%)/Z-Y catalyst has the best activity and the selectivity. This catalyst has highest surface area, total conversion and desulfurization ability, selective to fraction hydrocarbons C7-C12 (gasoline), the decreased was crystanility and coke formation. Surface area = 496.52 m2/g, total conversion= 47.61 %, H2S= 2.17 % and coke= 0.66 %.
Kata Kunci : Katalis,Hidrorengkah,Selektivitas,Catalyst, Hydrocracking, selectivity
