Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Filamen Komposit Recycled Polypropylene /Acetylated Rice Husk/Polypropylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride
Nabilla, Prof. Ir. Kusmono, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng.
2025 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
One of the main challenges in 3D printing applications is the selection of filament materials that have mechanical, thermal, and process properties that match the application needs. Generally, filaments are made from pure thermoplastics such as polypropylene (PP), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on. However, the mechanical properties of pure thermoplastics are usually relatively low, so it is necessary to add reinforcement, which is known as composite filament. This research uses recycled polypropylene (rPP) as the matrix and rice husk powder. These materials were chosen because the amount of PP plastic waste and rice husk waste is abundant and has not been optimally utilized. However, due to the compatibility difference between rPP and RH, where rPP is hydrophobic and RH is hydrophilic, it results in weak adhesion between the two. To improve the interfacial bond between RPP and RH, acetylation of RH (acetylated rice husk, ARH) and addition of coupling agent type polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were conducted. This study aims to examine the effect of RH, ARH, and PP-g-MA content on the mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties of rPP/RH/PP-g-MA composite filaments.
The composite filaments were made using a single screw extruder machine at a nozzle temperature of 175 °C. The rPP, RH, ARH, and PP-g-MA pellets were dried in an oven at 80°C for 2 hours before blending. The acetylation process was carried out using acetic anhydride mixed with sulfuric acid. The RH and ARH contents were varied to 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%. Furthermore, PP-g-MA was added to the rPP/ARH filaments with variations of 0, 5, 10, 15 wt%. The filaments were characterized through visual observation, diameter measurement, FT-IR analysis, XRD, water absorption testing, and tensile testing.
The results showed that the addition of 1 wt% RH to the filaments increased the tensile strength up to 8.8% compared to pure rPP. However, if the RH content exceeds 1 wt%, the tensile strength actually decreases. The acetylation process on RH increases the hydrophobicity, which strengthens the bond between the rPP matrix and ARH, and improves the tensile strength and crystallinity. The addition of 1 wt% ARH increased the tensile strength of the composite filaments by 20.97%, but the addition of more than 1 wt% ARH produced the opposite effect. The addition of 10 wt% PP-g-MA to rPP/1ARH composite filaments raised the tensile strength to 33.77% compared to pure rPP filaments. Furthermore, the addition of RH and ARH increases water absorption, while the addition of PP-g-MA can decrease water absorption, with filaments containing 15 wt% PP-g-MA showing the lowest water absorption rate.
Kata Kunci : filamen komposit, recycled polypropylene (rPP), rice husk (RH), acetylated rice husk (ARH), 3D printing