Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu Pada Tiga Tipe Tegakan Di KHDTK Wanagama I, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Alessandro Bagus Ernawan, Dr. Ir. Musyafa, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Dwi Tyaningsih Adriyanti, M.P.

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

KHDTK Wanagama I merupakan salah satu contoh suksesi hutan yang dihasilkan dari rehabilitasi lahan kritis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena belum tersedianya data mengenai keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di KHDTK Wanagama I, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripiskan spesies, keanekaragaman, dan kelimpahan kupu-kupu pada tiga tipe Tegakan di KHDTK Wanagama I. 

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama empat bulan pada bulan September - Desember 2024. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode garis transek sepanjang 250 m sebanyak tiga garis transek yang berjarak 100 m antar garis transek pada tiap lokasi pengamatan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan berjalan di dalam garis transek secara perlahan dan konstan menggunakan batasan kotak imajiner sebesar 2.5 m pada sisi kanan dan kiri serta 5 m di depan dan di atas. Kupu-kupu yang terlihat dapat langsung ditangkap untuk identifikasi spesies. 

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak empat famili, 21 marga, 29 spesies, dan 383 individu kupu-kupu yang ditemukan pada keseluruhan lokasi pengamatan. Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) kupu-kupu pada keseluruhan lokasi pengamatan tergolong sedang dengan rincian nilai; tegakan campur H’ = 2.75, tegakan monokultur H’ = 1.94, dan tegakan monokultur agroforestri H’ = 2.28. Sementara itu, Indeks Kelimpahan (Di) tertinggi berupa spesies C. pomona pada keseluruhan lokasi pengamatan dengan rincian nilai tegakan campur Di = 17.18%, tegakan monokultur Di = 45.91%, dan tegakan monokultur agroforestri Di = 29.51%, sedangkan Indeks Kelimpahan (Di) terendah berupa spesies E. phaenareta yang hanya ditemukan di tegakan campur Di = 0.61%.

KHDTK Wanagama I is one example of forest succession resulting from critical land rehabilitation in Indonesia. This study was based on the unavailability of information on butterfly diversity in KHDTK Wanagama I, Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This study aims to describe the species, diversity, and abundance of butterflies in three stand types in the KHDTK Wanagama I.

This research was conducted for four months from September to December 2024. Data collection was carried out using the 250 m long transect line method with three transect lines with a distance of 100 m between transect lines at each observation location. Observations were made by walking inside the transect line slowly and constantly using an imaginary box with limit of 2.5 m on the right and left sides and 5 m in front and above. Butterflies spotted can be captured immediately for species identification. 

Based on the results of the study, four families, 21 genera, 29 species, and 383 butterfly individuals were found in all observation locations. The Diversity Index (H') of butterflies in all observation locations is classified as medium with the value; mixture stand H' = 2.75, monoculture stand H' = 1.94, and monoculture agroforestry stand H' = 2.28. Meanwhile, the highest abundance index (Di) was species C. pomona in all observations locations with the value; mixture stand Di = 17.18%, monoculture stand Di = 45.91%, and monoculture agroforestry stand Di = 29.51%, while the lowest abundance index (Di) was species E. phaenareta which was only found in mixture stand Di = 0.61%.

Kata Kunci : Kupu-kupu, Lepidoptera, keanekaragaman, polinator, Wanagama