Analisis Komparatif Keragaman Jamur Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Rizosfer Tanaman Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana)

Arya Dharma Sanjaya, Prof. Ir. Donny Widianto, Ph.D.; Prof. Ir. Triwibowo Yuwono, Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | MIKROBIOLOGI PERTANIAN

Pisang mas (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) merupakan jenis pisang yang dibudidayakan secara luas di Indonesia. Tanaman pisang merupakan salah satu tanaman inang dari jamur mikoriza arbuskula. Keragaman jamur mikoriza arbuskula diketahui dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik tanaman inangnya. Dalam penelitian ini, cuplikan tanah yang diperoleh dari Perkebunan Plasma Nutfah Pisang, Desa Giwangan, Kecamatan Umbulharjo, Kota Yogyakarta dikumpulkan dan digunakan untuk analisis keragaman jamur mikoriza arbuskula. Spora jamur mikoriza diisolasi dengan metode pengayakan basah multi-tahap. Spora yang diperoleh kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan morfologinya dan dianalisis keragamannya menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener. Spora yang diperoleh termasuk dalam genus Glomus sp. dan Acaulospora sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan keberagaman jamur mikoriza arbuskular di rizosfer Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jumlah spora jamur mikoriza pada Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) masing-masing adalah 70 dan 61 spora/100 gram. Hasil indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener pada Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) dan Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) dikategorikan sebagai sedang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis tanaman pisang tidak secara signifikan memengaruhi jumlah dan keragaman spora jamur mikoriza arbuskula di rizosfer.

Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) and Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) are types of bananas that are widely cultivated in Indonesia. Banana plants are known as the host plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. It has been documented that the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is influenced by the characteristics of their host plants. In this study, soil samples obtained from the Banana Germplasm Plantation, Giwangan Village, Umbulharjo District, Yogyakarta City, were collected and used for diversity analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. This study aims at comparing the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) and Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana). Mycorrhizal spores were isolated using a multi-stage wet sieving method. The spores obtained were then identified based on their morphology and analyzed for diversity using the Shannon-Wiener index. The spores were classified into the genera Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. This study aims to compare the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of mas banana and raja plantain. The results of this study showed that the number of mycorrhizal spores in Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) and Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) were 70 and 61 spores/100 grams, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index for Pisang Mas (Musa acuminata) and Pisang Raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) was categorized as moderate. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the type of banana plant does not significantly affect the number and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in the rhizosphere.

Kata Kunci : Jamur mikoriza arbuskula (JMA), Keragaman spora JMA, Pisang mas (Musa acuminata), Pisang raja (Musa acuminata x balbisiana)