KARAKTERISTIK AGROFORESTRI TEGALAN BERBASIS MAHONI, SILVIKULTUR TRADISIONAL DAN NILAI KEALAMIANNYA DI BUKIT KLUMPRIT, KAB. SLEMAN

Marssetya Andhika, Prof. Dr. Priyono Suryanto, S.Hut, M.P.;Prof. Dr. Ir. Ronggo Sadono, IPM

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni dicirikan oleh integrasi berbagai jenis tanaman dalam sistem seperti gabungan tanaman berkayu dan semusim dengan tata kelola pemanfaatan lahan yang produktif sekaligus menjaga kelestarian ekosistem dengan teknik tradisional. Teknik silvikultur tradisional mendukung keberlanjutan ekosistem, memungkinkan petani mengelola lahan lebih efisien dan minim input eksternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) menganalisis karakteristik agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni dari aspek struktur, komposisi, diversitas, potensi energi, dan dimensi pohon, 2) teknik silvikultur yang berkembang, 3) serta hubungan teknik silvikultur tradisional dengan nilai kealamian agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni. 

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Bukit Klumprit, Kalurahan Wukirharjo, Kapanewon Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman. Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi dan wawancara. Pemilihan unit lahan dilakukan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria lahan agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni dengan luas < 500m2> 500 m2 dengan masing-masing kelas luas diambil 6 unit lahan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi identitas pohon, data pemanfaatan lahan, data sosial dan kondisi unit lahan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif untuk pengukuran struktur, komposisi, diversitas, potensi energi, dimensi pohon, dan nilai kealamian. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami teknik silvikultur tradisional.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap unit lahan memiliki struktur dan komposisi yang berbeda. Indeks diversitas agroforestri tegalan termasuk kategori rendah dan sedang. Pohon penyusun agroforestri tegalan menunjukkan nilai dimensi pohon yang stabil. Potensi energi agroforestri tegalan tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh spesies mahoni. Agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni mampu menciptakan keseimbangan antara aspek regenerasi, kestabilan pohon, dan potensi produksi energi, meskipun dengan keanekaragaman yang rendah. Teknik silvikultur yang dilakukan petani meliputi pengadaan bibit, penyiapan lahan, penanaman, pemeliharaan, dan pemanenan yang dilakukan dengan teknik dan metode sederhana. Nilai kealamian agroforestri tegalan berbasis mahoni menunjukkan nilai [5]. Teknik silvikultur tradisional memberikan intervensi minim terhadap lahan dengan sedikit input eksternal sehingga masih mempertahankan aspek kealamian. 

Mahogany-based dryland agroforestry is characterized by the integration of various types of plants within a system, combining woody and seasonal crops through a land management approach that is both productive and environmentally sustainable, utilizing traditional techniques. Traditional silviculture techniques support ecosystem sustainability, allowing farmers to manage land more efficiently and with minimal external input. This study aims to 1) analyze the characteristics of mahogany-based dryland agroforestry in terms of structure, composition, diversity, energy potential, and tree dimensions, 2) developing silviculture techniques, 3) and the relationship between traditional silviculture techniques and the natural value of mahogany-based dryland agroforestry.

The study was conducted in Klumprit Hill, Wukirharjo Village, Prambanan Sub-district, Sleman Regency. The methods used include observation and interviews. The selection of land units was carried out using purposive sampling with the criteria of mahogany-based dryland agroforestry land with an area of <500m2>500 m2 with each area class taken 6 land units. The data collected included tree identity, land use data, social data and land unit conditions. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods to assess vegetation structure, species composition, diversity, energy potential, tree dimensions, and naturalness value. A qualitative approach was applied to explore and understand traditional silvicultural techniques.

The results showed that each land unit exhibited different vegetation structures and species compositions. The diversity index of mahogany-based dryland agroforestry fell within the low to moderate category. The tree components demonstrated stable dimensional values. The highest energy potential was recorded for mahogany species. Mahogany-based dryland agroforestry was able to create a balance between regeneration, tree stability, and energy production potential, despite having relatively low species diversity. Silvicultural practices applied by farmers included seed procurement, land preparation, planting, maintenance, and harvesting, all carried out using simple techniques and traditional methods. The naturalness value of the mahogany-based agroforestry system was recorded at [5]. Traditional silviculture involved minimal land intervention and low external input, thereby maintaining the natural characteristics of the system.

Kata Kunci : agroforestri, mahoni, tegalan, silvikultur tradisional, kealamian