Politik Akses Masyarakat Adat Terhadap Sumber Mata Pencaharian Hutan: Studi Kasus Proyek Kerja Sama Konservasi Transnasional di Provinsi Jambi Indonesia

Siti Nayla Fania, Dr. Maharani Hapsari

2025 | Skripsi | Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Manfaat daripada sumber daya dapat mengalami redistribusi seiring terjadinya perubahan gagasan legal dan relasi sosial dengan terciptanya relasi konflik dan kooperasi baru. Adapun skripsi ini hendak melakukan analisis lebih jauh terkait pengaruh relasi konflik dan kooperasi pada skema konservasi transnasional terhadap akses masyarakat adat atas lahan dan fungsionalitas lahan hutan. Dengan menggunakan Teori Akses oleh Ribot dan Peluso, penulis menelaah pengaruh intervensi berbasis tujuan konservasi yang dieksekusi aktor-aktor transnasional terhadap perubahan akses dan relasi kuasa masyarakat adat di Provinsi Jambi, Indonesia. Riset-riset sebelumnya berhasil menunjukkan gejala eksklusi yang dialami oleh masyarakat adat dalam konflik agraria transnasional. Dengan berkaca pada tiga proyek studi kasus termasuk proyek KRE PT Restorasi Ekosistem Indonesia (REKI) Hutan Harapan, proyek Sustainable Natural Rubber Initiatives (SNR-i) dan Wildlife Conservation Area (WCA) oleh Michelin Group, serta proyek Bio Carbon Fund Integrated Sustainable Forest Landscape (BioCF-ISFL) di Provinsi Jambi, skripsi ini menarik fokus terkait mekanisme akses struktural-relasional yang melampaui persoalan hak dan properti. Penulis berargumen, bahwa mekanisme struktural-relasional, termasuk kapital, pasar, teknologi dan pengetahuan, serta tenaga dan kesempatan kerja eksis sebagai batasan baru akan akses masyarakat adat terhadap lahan dan fungsionalitas lahan Hutan Jambi. Serangkaian faktor-faktor tersebut meminggirkan otoritas kontrol informal masyarakat adat. Adapun relasi yang tercipta menempatkan masyarakat adat pada posisi pemelihara akses daripada aktor pengontrol akses yaitu negara dan pemegang konsesi, sehingga meruntuhkan independensi kelompok tersebut atas sumber mata pencahariannya. 

Along with changes in social relations and legal frameworks, the benefits of resources might be redistributed, leading to the emergence of new cooperative and conflicting relationships. This thesis aims to conduct further analysis related to the influence of conflict and cooperative relations in transnational conservation schemes on indigenous peoples' access to land and forest land functionality. Using the Access Theory by Ribot and Peluso, the author examines the influence of conservation-based interventions executed by transnational actors on changes in access and power relations of indigenous peoples in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Previous research has succeeded in showing symptoms of exclusion experienced by indigenous peoples in transnational agrarian conflicts. By reflecting on three case study projects including the PT Restorasi Ekosistem Indonesia (REKI) Hutan Harapan KRE project, the Sustainable Natural Rubber Initiatives (SNR-i) and Wildlife Conservation Area (WCA) projects by Michelin Group, and the Bio Carbon Fund Integrated Sustainable Forest Landscape (BioCF-ISFL) in Jambi Province, this thesis draws focus on structural-relational access mechanisms that go beyond rights and property issues. The author argues that structural-relational mechanisms, including capital, markets, technology and knowledge, as well as labor and employment opportunities exist as new barriers on indigenous peoples' access to land and the functionality of Jambi Forest. A series of these factors marginalize the informal control authority of indigenous peoples. The relationships established undermine the autonomy of these communities over their means of livelihood by placing indigenous peoples in a position to maintain access over the state and concession holders, who regulate access.

Kata Kunci : proyek konservasi transnasional, masyarakat adat Jambi, mekanisme akses, relasi ketergantungan/transnational conservation projects, indigenous people, access mechanisms, dependency relations