PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN DAUN KAYU PUTIH (Melaleuca cajuputi) DAN METODE PENYULINGAN TERHADAP RENDEMEN SERTA KUALITAS MINYAK KAYU PUTIH

Zahra Eka Deviana, Ir. Rini Pujiarti, S. Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D., IPM.

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Minyak kayu putih merupakan minyak atsiri yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan untuk produk kesehatan, kosmetik, dan sebagainya. Kebutuhan minyak kayu putih semakin meningkat, tetapi produktivitas kayu putih di Indonesia masih cukup rendah. Lama penyimpanan dan metode penyulingan yang berbeda merupakan faktor penting dalam proses pengolahan minyak kayu putih. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan kontribusi dalam meningkatkan rendemen dan kualitas minyak kayu putih.

Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan daun kayu putih yang disimpan dengan lama penyimpanan 1 hari, 2 hari, 3 hari, 4 hari, dan 5 hari. Penyimpanan daun kayu putih dilakukan di suhu ruang dengan sirkulasi udara yang baik dan tidak terkena sinar matahari secara langsung. Daun diletakkan di lantai kering dan diberi alas terpal. Metode penyulingan menggunakan perebusan dan pengukusan. Parameter penelitian meliputi rendemen, sifat fisiko-kimia, dan komponen kimia yang diuji dengan GC-MS. Hasil pengujian rendemen dianalisis dengan two way anova. Hasil pengujian komponen kimia dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sifat fisiko-kimia dibandingkan dengan SNI 3954:2024 dan dianalisis dengan two way anova.

Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rendemen basah berkisar 0,59%–1,01?n rendemen kering berkisar 0,77%–1,36%. Komponen kimia utama yang terkandung meliputi 1,8-cineole, ?-terpineol, dan D-limonene. Persentase komponen kimia tertinggi yaitu 1,8-cineole yang berkisar 60,88%–76,45%. Pengujian sifat fisiko-kimia minyak kayu putih menghasilkan warna jernih kekuningan hingga kekuningan dengan bau khas minyak kayu putih, nilai bobot jenis berkisar 0,890-0,928, nilai indeks bias berkisar 1,456–1,463, sampel larut dalam alkohol 80?ngan perbandingan 1:1. dan nilai putaran optik berkisar (-)5,00º hingga (-)1,80º. Faktor  lama penyimpanan daun kayu putih tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai rendemen basah, rendemen kering, serta sifat fisiko kimia. Faktor metode penyulingan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai rendemen kering dan indeks bias. Interaksi antara kedua faktor tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap seluruh parameter pengujian.

Cajuput oil is an essential oil that is widely used as an ingredient for health products, cosmetics, and so on. The need for cajuput oil is increasing, but the productivity of cajuput in Indonesia is still quite low. Storage duration and distillation methods are important factors in the processing of cajuput oil. This research is expected to contribute in improving the yield and quality of cajuput oil.

The study was conducted using cajuput leaves stored with storage duration of 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, and 5 days. Storage of cajuput leaves is carried out at room temperature with good air circulation and not in direct sunlight. The leaves are placed on a dry floor and given a tarpaulin base. The distillation method uses boiling and steaming. Research parameters include yield, physico-chemical properties, and chemical components tested with GC-MS. Yield test results were analyzed by two way anova. The test results of chemical components were analyzed descriptively. Physico-chemical properties were compared with SNI 3954:2024 and analyzed by two way anova.

The results obtained wet yield values ranged from 0.59%–1.01% and dry yields ranged from 0.77%–1.36%. The main chemical components contained include 1,8-cineole, ?-terpineol, and D-limonene. The highest percentage of chemical components is 1,8-cineole which ranges from 60.88%–76.45%. Testing of physico-chemical properties of eucalyptus oil produces a clear yellowish to yellowish color with a characteristic smell of cajuput oil, specific gravity values range from 0.890 to 0.928, refractive index values range from 1.456 to 1.463, the sample is soluble in 80% alcohol in a ratio of 1:1. and the optical rotation value ranges from (-)5.00º to (-)1.80º. Storage duration of cajuput leaves did not significantly affect the value of wet yield, dry yield, and physico-chemical properties. Factors of distillation method significantly affect the value of dry yield and refractive index. The interaction between the two factors did not significantly affect the entire test parameters.

Kata Kunci : Minyak kayu putih, lama penyimpanan, rendemen, sifat fisiko-kimia, komponen kimia/Cajuput oil, storage duration, yield, physico-chemical properties, chemical components