HUBUNGAN DISASTER HEALTH LITERACY DENGAN SELF-EFFICACY MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA ALAM GEMPA BUMI DI DESA SUMBERMULYO, BAMBANGLIPURO, BANTUL

FEBY NOVIA ULVA, Syahirul Alim, S.Kp., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Sutono, S.Kp., M.Sc., M.Kep.

2024 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Jumlah bencana alam di dunia semakin tahun semakin bertambah banyak. World Risk Report (WRR) (2023) mencatat bahwa Indonesia menempati peringkat ke-2 setelah Filipina sebagai negara dengan kategori risiko tinggi bencana. Kondisi ini menegaskan pentingnya penguasaan manajemen bencana di tengah masyarakat. Disaster health literacy merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk memperoleh, membaca, memahami, serta menggunakan informasi terkait dengan bencana dan aktifitas pada bidang kesehatan untuk membuat keputusan yang tepat. Wayment et al. (2020) menyebutkan literasi kesehatan mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan self-efficacy. Literasi diyakini dapat meningkatkan rasa percaya diri seseorang. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara disaster health literacy fase mitigasi dan fase kesiapsiagaan dengan self-efficacy masyarakat yang berisiko terdampak bencana gempa bumi di Desa Sumbermulyo, Bambanglipuro, Bantul. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Desa Sumbermulyo yang berjumlah 110 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner disaster health literacy fase mitigasi daan fase kesiapsiagaan dan General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) versi Bahasa Indonesia dalam konteks bencana. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji Spearman Rho untuk mengetahui hubungan antara disaster health literacy fase mitigasi dan fase kesiapsiagaan dengan self-efficacy masyarakat yang berisiko terdampak bencana alam gempa bumi di Desa Sumbermulyo, Bambanglipuro, Bantul. Hasil: Terdapat sebanyak lebih dari setengah jumlah responden memiliki nilai disaster health literacy fase mitigasi dan kesiapsiagaan yang tinggi. Sementara itu, sebanyak 70% responden memiliki nilai self-efficacy yang cukup baik. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan diantara kedua variabel dengan p-value 0,001 dan nilai korelasi koefisien 0.465. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara disaster health literacy dengan self-efficacy masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana alam gempa bumi di Desa Sumbermulyo, Bambanglipuro, Bantul

Kata Kunci: disaster health literacy, self-efficacy, kesiapsiagaan

¹ Mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada

² Departemen Keperawatan Dasar dan Emergensi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background: The number of natural disasters worldwide continues to increase each year. The World Risk Report (WRR) (2023) ranks Indonesia as the second-highest country, after the Philippines, in the high-risk disaster category. This condition underscores the importance of disaster management competency within communities. Disaster health literacy is defined as an individual’s ability to acquire, read, understand, and utilize information related to disasters and health activities to make appropriate decisions. Wayment et al. (2020) state that health literacy has a positive correlation with self-efficacy. Literacy is believed to enhance an individual's confidence.  Objective: To determine the relationship between disaster health literacy in the mitigation and preparedness phases with the self-efficacy of communities at risk of being affected by the earthquake in Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro, Bantul. Method: This study is quantitative research with cross-sectional study design. The respondents consisted of 110 residents from Sumbermulyo Village. The research employed a questionnaire measuring disaster health literacy in the mitigation and preparedness phases, as well as the Indonesian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) within the context of disasters. The data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rho test to examine the relationship between disaster health literacy in the mitigation and preparedness phases and the self-efficacy of communities at risk of being affected by earthquakes in Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro, Bantul. Result: More than half of the respondents demonstrated a high level of disaster health literacy in both the mitigation and preparedness phases. Additionally, 70% of the respondents exhibited a relatively good level of self-efficacy. A significant relationship was found between the two variables, with a p-value of 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of 0.465. Conclusion: A significant positive relationship was found between disaster health literacy and the self-efficacy of the community in facing earthquake disasters in Sumbermulyo Village, Bambanglipuro, Bantul.

Keyword: disaster health literacy, self-efficacy, preparedness

¹ Bachelor of Nursing Student, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

² Department of Basic Nursing and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Kata Kunci : disaster health literacy, self-efficacy, preparedness