Kadar malondialdehid plasma dan fragilitas eritrosit setelah pemberian Vitamin E pada manusia usia lanjut (Manula) di daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah

SARYONO, Prof.Dr.dr. Sri Rahajoe Asj'ari

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar

Stres oksidatif mempunyai peran penting sebagai penyebab penyakit degeneratif. Vitamin E merupakan garis pertahanan pertama melawan peroksidasi membran fosfolipid yang disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar MDA plasma dan fragilitas eritrosit pada manula setelah pemberian vitamin E antara dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan eksperimen sama subjek. Subjek penelitian berumur 65-80 tahun, tampak sehat dan dapat melakukan aktifitas hidup sehari-hari. Subjek diperoleh dari populasi manula di daerah dataran tinggi (KDT) Guci, Tegal dan dataran Rendah (KDR) Kotagede, D.I. Yogyakarta. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan dua kali yaitu sebelum pemberian vitamin E (sampel I) dan sesudah pemberian vitamin E (sampel II) selama 30 hari. Kadar malondialdehid plasma diukur dengan metode Yagi, kadar vitamin E diukur dengan metode Abe dan Katsui, sedangkan fragilitas eritrosit diukur dengan metode Cartwright yang dimodifikasi oleh O’Dell. Analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna, penurunan kadar MDA plasma sebelum dan setelah pemberian vitamin E antara kelompok dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi (p<0,05). Rerata kadar MDA, vitamin E dan fragilitas eritrosit pada KDR, sebelum diberi vitamin E berturut-turut adalah 2,77 ± 0,54nmol/ml, 18,90 ± 6,52 μg/ml, dan 0,76 ± 0,33%. Sedangkan rerata kadar MDA, vitamin E dan fragilitas eritrosit pada KDR, setelah diberikan vitamin E berturut-turut adalah 2,03 ± 0,40 nmol/ml, 29,13 ± 9,00 μg/ml, dan 0,57 ± 0,16%. Rerata kadar MDA, vitamin E dan fragilitas eritrosit pada KDT, sebelum diberi vitamin E berturutturut adalah 3,54 ± 0,73nmol/ml, 15,78 ± 6,52 μg/ml, dan 0,75 ± 0,13%. Sedangkan rerata kadar MDA, vitamin E dan fragilitas eritrosit pada KDR, setelah diberi vitamin E berturut-turut adalah 2,53 ± 0,40 nmol/ml, 24,04 ± 8,49 μg/ml, dan 0,59 ± 0,12%. Hasil uji-t amatan ulangan sebelum dan setelah pemberian vitamin E kedua kelompok berbeda bermakna (p<0,05). Analisis kovarian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan penurunan kadar MDA plasma dan penurunan fragilitas eritrosit yang bermakna antara sebelum pemberian vitamin E (sampel I) dan sesudah pemberian vitamin E (sampel II), antara KDR dan KDT. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian vitamin E pada manula di daerah dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah dapat menurunkan kadar MDA plasma, meningkatkan kadar vitamin E plasma dan menurunkan fragilitas eritrosit

Oxidative stress plays an important role in development of degenerative diseases in elderly. Vitamin E appears to be the first line of defence against peroxidation of phospholipid membrane caused by oxidative stress. The aims of the study were to assess decrease of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and erythrocyte fragility, between elderly living on highlands and lowland, after taking vitamin E. It is an experimental study with the same subject. The subject were elderly, 65 - 80 years old, healthy and able to do daily activities. They are living in Guci highlands, Tegal (KDT) and Kotagede lowland D.I. Yogyakarta (KDR). Blood samples were collected in the morning between 8 – 10 a clock, at 10 hours the last dinner. The blood collection two times i.e before and after taking vitamin E for thirty consecutive days.MDA concentrations were measured by Yagi method, vitamin E concentrations by Abe and Katsui method while erythrocyte fragility by Cartwright methode modified by O’Dell. Data analysed by t-test and analysis of covariant. The total study subjects were 52 elderly. The result showed that plasma MDA concentrations of the subjects before and after taking vitamin E, between the two groups were significantly different (p<0,05). The average of plasma MDA, vitamin E concentrations and erythrocyte fragility on the lowland group before administration were 2,77 ± 0,54nmol/ml, 18,90 ± 6,52 μg/ml, and 0,76 ± 0,33% respectively. While the average of plasma MDA, vitamin E concentrations and erythrocyte fragility on the lowland group after administration were 2,03 ± 0,40 nmol/ml, 29,13 ± 9,00 μg/ml, and 0,57 ± 0,16% respectively. The average of plasma MDA, vitamin E concentrations and erythrocyte fragility on the highland group before administration were 3,54 ± 0,73 nmol/ml, 15,78 ± 6,52 μg/ml, and 0,75 ± 0,13% respectively. While the average of plasma MDA, vitamin E concentrations and erythrocyte fragility on the lowland group after administration were 2,53 ± 0,40 nmol/ml, 24,04 ± 8,49 μg/ml, and 0,59 ± 0,12% respectively. The result showed that the decrease of plasma MDA concentrations and erythrocyte fragility are significantly different between KDR and KDT, before and after taking vitamin E. These experiment showed that vitamin E administration on the elderly living in the highlands and lowland could decrease plasma malondialdehyde concentration, increase plasma vitamin E concentrations and decrease erythrocyte fragility significantly. Key words : elderly, malondialdehyde, vitamin E, erythrocyte fragility

Kata Kunci : Manula,Vitamin E,Fragilitas Eritrosit