Karakteristik Molekuler Allexivirus, Carlavirus, dan Potyvirus pada Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Bantul, Kulon Progo, dan Nganjuk

Siska Nur Siti Yuliandini, Dr. Adyatma Irawan Santosa, S.P., M.Sc.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Allexivirus, Carlavirus, dan Potyvirus merupakan patogen penting pada tanaman Allium terutama bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Infeksi dari beberapa virus ini menyebabkan penurunan produksi bawang merah di Indonesia. Untuk itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai deteksi dan analisis molekuler ketiga virus tersebut di Kabupaten Bantul, Kulon Progo dan Nganjuk. Semua sampel penelitian bergejala infeksi virus berupa klorosis, mosaik, dan  kerdil, serta terdapat sampel yang tidak bergejala (asymptomatic). Sampel kemudian diuji secara molekuler dengan universal primer: Poty1 sebagai primer reverse, dan pGV3t  (950 bp) untuk Allexivirus, AlcarF (715 bp) untuk Carlavirus, dan U341 (600-800 bp) untuk Potyvirus sebagai primer forward. Hasil menunjukkan adanya infeksi Allexivirus di Bantul, Carlavirus di ketiga kabupaten, dan Potyvirus di Bantul dan Kulon Progo. Hasil analisis sekuens dengan BLAST menunjukan bahwa spesies Allexivirus adalah Garlic virus C (GarVC), spesies Carlavirus adalah Shallot latent virus (SLV), dan spesies Potyvirus adalah Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV). Ditemukan pula mix infection dari sampel Bantul dan Kulon Progo. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukan bahwa isolat  GarVC dekat dengan isolat India, isolat SLV dengan isolat Indonesia dan India, serta isolat SYSV dengan isolat Indonesia. Hasil analisis homologi menunjukan isolat GarVC memiliki homologi tertinggi sebesar 84,1?ngan isolat India (OP288957), isolat SLV dalam penelitian ini sebesar 98,7%, serta isolat SYSV dalam penelitian ini sebesar 98,8%. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menambah informasi dan data mengenai infeksi spesies dari Allexivirus, Carlavirus, dan Potyvirus pada bawang merah di area pengamatan.

Allexivirus, Carlavirus, and Potyvirus are important pathogens of Allium plants especially shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) in many countries, including Indonesia. Infection of these viruses causes a decrease in shallot production. For this reason, this research was conducted to detect and analyze the moleculer characteristic of these three viruses in Bantul, Kulon Progo and Nganjuk regencies. All the samples showed symptoms of virus infection such as chlorosis, mosaic, and stunting, and there were asymptomatic samples. Samples were then tested molecularly with universal primers: Poty1 as reverse primer, and pGV3t (950 bp) for Allexivirus, AlcarF (715 bp) for Carlavirus, and U341 (600-800 bp) for Potyvirus as forward primer. Results showed the presence of Allexivirus infection in Bantul, Carlavirus in all three regencies, and Potyvirus in Bantul and Kulon Progo. Sequence analysis with BLAST showed that the Allexivirus species was Garlic virus C (GarVC), Carlavirus species was Shallot latent virus (SLV), and Potyvirus species was Shallot yellow stripe virus (SYSV). Mixed infections were also found from Bantul and Kulon Progo samples. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that GarVC isolates were close to Indian isolates, SLV isolates with Indonesian and Indian isolates, and SYSV isolates with Indonesian isolates. The results of homology analysis showed that GarVC isolate had the highest homology of 84,1% with Indian isolates (OP288957), SLV isolates in this study were 98,7%, and SYSV isolates in this study were 98,8%. Thus, this study adds information and data on the infection of Allexivirus, Carlavirus, and Potyvirus species in shallots in the observation area.

Kata Kunci : Allexivirus, bawang merah, Carlavirus, Potyvirus, RT-PCR