PENGARUH PERSENTASE KALSIUM KARBONAT (CaCO3) TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS JAMUR TIRAM DAN JAMUR KUPING PADA MEDIA KEPING KAYU MINDI (Melia Azedarach)

Rexa Orisa, Ir. Denny Irawati, S.Hut., M.Si., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Jamur tiram dan jamur kuping merupakan beberapa spesies jamur edible yang hidup di daerah tropis, di mana jamur ini biasanya hidup secara alami di pohon-pohon maupun kayu yang sudah lapuk. Jamur tumbuh di lingkungan yang sejuk dan lembab. Budidaya jamur di Indonesia umumnya menggunakan limbah serbuk gergaji kayu sengon, namun karena keterbatasan ketersediaan maka dicoba alternatif lain yaitu serpih kayu mindi. Kayu mindi dipilih karena ketersediannya yang melimpah. Media tanam jamur selain memerlukan serbuk kayu, juga memerlukan bahan tambahan yaitu kalsium karbonat (CaCO3). Pemberian kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) berfungsi sebagai sumber kalsium yang diperlukan oleh jamur untuk tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara penambahan CaCO3 terhadap produktivitas jamur tiram dan jamur kuping serta menemukan kombinasi perlakuan yang memberikan hasil terbaik untuk jamur tiram dan jamur kuping yang ditanam pada media serpihan kayu mindi. 

Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan percobaan acak lengkap (Completely Randomized Design) yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor yang digunakan terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu persentase CaCO3 (konsentrasi 0%, 1%, dan 2%) dan jenis jamur (jamur tiram dan jamur kuping) sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi derajat keasaman (pH) media tanam, pertumbuhan miselium, berat basah jamur, berat kering jamur, kadar air buah jamur, dan biological conversion  jamur.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penambahan persentase CaCO3 dan jenis jamur hanya memberikan pengaruh terhadap derajat keasaman (pH) media tanam dan pertumbuhan miselium jamur. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada perlakuan dengan jenis jamur tiram  dan jamur kuping serta penambahan persentase CaCO3 menghasilkan produktivitas jamur yang cukup baik. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan ini yaitu untuk nilai berat basah 8,767 – 21,026 g, berat kering 1,548 – 3,619 g, dan efisiensi biologi 1,506 – 3,051%

Oyster mushrooms and ear mushrooms are some of the edible mushrooms that live in tropical areas, where these mushrooms usually live naturally in weathered trees and wood. Mushrooms grow in a cool, humid environment. Mushroom cultivation in Indonesia generally uses sengon wood sawdust waste, but due to limited availability, another alternative was tried, namely mindi wood chips. Mindi wood was chosen because of its abundant availability. Mushroom planting media in addition to requiring wood powder, also requires an additional material, namely calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The administration of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) serves as a source of calcium that the fungus needs to grow. This study aims to determine the effect of interaction between the addition of CaCO3 on the productivity of oyster mushrooms and ear mushrooms and find the combination of treatments that give the best results for oyster mushrooms and ear mushrooms grown on mindi wood chip media

The research design used in this study was a completely randomized experimental design (Completely Randomized Design) which was arranged factorially. The factors used consisted of 2 factors, namely the percentage of CaCO3 (concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 2%) and the type of mushroom (oyster mushroom and wood ear mushroom) as many as 3 repetitions. The parameters observed included the acidity level (pH) of the planting medium, mycelium growth, wet weight of mushrooms, dry weight of mushrooms, water content of mushroom fruit, and biological conversion of mushrooms.

The results of the study showed that the addition of the percentage of CaCO3and the type of mushroom only affected the acidity level (pH) of the planting medium and the growth of mushroom mycelium. The study conducted on the treatment with the types of oyster mushrooms and wood ear mushrooms and the addition of the percentage of CaCO3 produced quite good mushroom productivity. The results of this study were for the wet weight value of 8.76 – 21.02 g, dry weight 1.54 – 3.61 g, and biological efficiency 1.50 – 3.05%

Kata Kunci : Jamur tiram, Jamur kuping, Kayu mindi, CaCO3, pH