Preferensi Alami Tikus Sawah (Rattus argentiventer) terhadap Aneka Jenis Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura di Kapanewon Moyudan, Kabupaten Sleman

Maulana Pricho Wardana, Prof. Dr. Ir. FX. Wagiman, S.U.; Prof. Dr. Ir. Witjaksono, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Nugroho Susetya Putra, M.Si.

2025 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer) telah menyebabkan kerusakan yang signifikan selama bertahun-tahun, hingga mengakibatkan gagal panen pada budidaya tanaman pangan dan hortikultura di wilayah persawahan irigasi di Kapanewon Moyudan, Kabupaten Sleman. Jenis tanaman yang tidak disukai tikus dikaji menurut versi petani. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 135 petani responden yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling dan snowball di Kalurahan Sumberagung, Sumberarum, Sumberrahayu, dan Sumbersari. Intensitas serangan tikus terhadap setiap jenis tanaman dinyatakan oleh responden menurut pengalaman mereka. Preferensi tikus terhadap suatu jenis tanaman diukur dengan tingkat intensitas serangan; (0) tidak rusak, (1) rusak ringan, (2) rusak sedang, (3) rusak berat, (4) puso (gagal panen). Analisis korelasi Pearson digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan antara komoditas dipilih oleh petani terhadap pemilihan makan oleh tikus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada sawah irigasi di Kapanewon Moyudan terdapat 24 jenis tanaman budidaya. Jenis tanaman yang disukai oleh tikus adalah padi, kacang tanah, dan jagung. Jenis tanaman yang cukup disukai adalah singkong, kacang panjang, dan cabai. Jenis tanaman yang kurang disukai adalah kedelai, melon, terung, timun, tomat, kangkung, dan bawang merah serta yang tidak disukai adalah talas, jeruk, pepaya, jambu, pisang, alpukat, kalanjana, kelapa kopyor, kelengkeng, dan mangga. Jenis tanaman yang tidak disukai tikus merupakan alternatif pilihan komoditas dalam upaya antisipasi serangan hama tersebut.

The ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer) caused significant severity damage for years and causing crop failure on food and horticultural crops in irrigated areas at Moyudan District, Sleman Regency. Non preferred crops by the rat were studied referring to farmer’s version. Interview was conducted to 135 respondent farmers which were taken with purposive sampling and snowball methods at villages of Sumberagung, Sumberarum, Sumberrahayu, and Sumbersari. Intensity of the rat attacks against every kind of the food and horticultural crops was stated by respondent based on their experiences. The rat preference to a kind of crops was determined by its level of attack intensity, namely (0) undamaged, (1) light damaged, (2) moderately damaged, (3) heavily damaged, (4) crop failure. Simple linear regression analysis of Pearson correlation was applied to determine the influence and relationship between the preferred crops by farmers and preferred crops by the ricefield rats. Results showed that at Moyudan Districts 24 kinds of crops were cultivated. Among them the preferred crops by the ricefield rat were rice, groundnut, and maize. The moderately preferred crops were cassava, longbean, and chili. The less preferred crops were soyabean, melon, eggplant, cucumber, tomato, spinach, and onion. Meanwhile, the non-preferred crops were taro, orange, papaya, guava, banana, avocado, coconut “kopyor”, mango, longan, and grass “Kolonjono”. The preferred crops by farmers were strongly positive correlated with the preferred crops by ricefield rat. The non preferred crops by the ricefield rat are the alternative selected commodities in an effort to anticipate the pest attacks.

Kata Kunci : jagung, padi, preferensi, sawah, tikus