Kajian kualitas lingkungan air sungai Lati dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa sembakungan akibat aktivitas penambangan batubara PT Berau Coal di Kabupaten Berau

FIRNAWAN, Fendra, Drs. Suyono, MS

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan (Magister Pengelolaan Lingkunga

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian kualitas lingkungan air Sungai Lati dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Sembakungan akibat aktivitas penambangan batubara PT Berau Coal di Kabupaten Berau Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji dampak penambangan batubara terhadap kualitas air Sungai Lati penerima limbah batubara. Khususnya mengetahui kualitas fisik dan kimia air, keanekaragaman plankton serta perubahan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Sembakungan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey secara purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dari analisis kualitas fisik, kimia dan biologi(plankton) perairan Sungai Lati sedangkan pada sosial ekonomi masyarakat meliputi kegiatan observasi dan wawancara terbuka terhadap masyarakat Desa Sembakungan sebanyak 40 responden dengan metode proposional sampling. Data sekunder berasal dari Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Berau, PT Berau Coal, Kantor Kecamatan Gunung Tabur serta Kantor Kepala Desa Sembakungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa limbah penambangan batubara menyebabkan padatan terlarut dan padatan tersuspensi meningkat sebesar 2555,2 mg/l dan 280,3 mg/l, peningkatan kadar logam berat Mn dan Fe menjadi 4,64 mg/l dan 10,88 mg/l, serta penurunan pH air menjadi 3,23 terhadap kualitas lingkungan air Sungai Lati sebagai penerima limbah tambang. Sungai-sungai yang bermuara ke Sungai Lati berperan penting dalam mengencerkan atau pemulihan diri dari kadar bahan pencemar. Terjadi penurunan indeks keanekaragaman plankton (IK) sebagai bioindikator perairan ini telah menunjukan pencemaran pada tingkat berat dengan nilai IK= 0,965 dan tingkat sedang dengan nilai IK= 1,745. Perubahan sosial ekonomi yang tidak signifikan atau positif dari dampak akitivitas penambangan batubara dengan hasil penelitian 65 % menyatakan tidak ada perubahan dan 35 % menyatakan ada perubahan terhadap pendapatan masyarakat.

This research represent the study of irrigate environmental quality from the Lati River and social economic of Sembakungan village society cause of coal mining activities of Berau Coal Company in Berau Regency, in East Kalimantan Province. The aim of this research is to study the impact of coal mining to irrigate quality from Lati River as receiver of coal waste. Especially, to know the quality of water physical and chemistry, various plankton and economics social change of Sembakungan village society. Research method used is survey method by sampling purposive. Data used in this research is primary data from analysis of physical quality, chemical and biology (plankton) from Lati River territorial water, while at economic social of society, include the observation activity and opened interview to Sembakungan Village society as much 40 respondent with sampling proportional method. Secondary data come from Village Government of Berau Regency, Berau Coal Company, Sub District Office of Gunung Tabur and Office of Sembakungan Village Head. The result of this research indicate that the waste of coal mining cause the solid dissolve and suspended solid increase as much 2555,2 mg / l and 280,3 mg / l, the increase of Mn and Fe heavy metal rate become 4,64 mg / l and 10,88 mg / l, also degradation of water pH become 3,23 to irrigate environmental quality of Lati River as the receiver of mine waste. The rivers that have estuary to Lati River was playing important role in thinning or self-improving from dirty substance rate. There is decreasing of various plankton index (IK) as this territorial water bio indicator have shown the contamination at heavy level with the IK value = 0,965 and medium level with the IK value = 1,745. The changes of social economics, which do not significant or positive from coal mining activities effect with the research result is 65% expressing there no change and 35% expressing there, is change to society earnings.

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan,Kualitas Air Sungai,Penambangan Batubara, The Affect Of The Coal Mining Waste, The Water Quality, Various Plankton Index, Society Economics Social