Successful Aging ditinjau dari kebermaknaan hidup dan orientasi religius pada lansia

SETIYARTOMO, Paulus Widi, Prof.Dr. Bimo Walgito

2004 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara kebermaknaan hidup dan orientasi religius dengan successful aging pada lansia. Ada empat hipotesis yang diajukan, yaitu: (1) ada hubungan positif antara kebermaknaan hidup dengan successful aging, (2) ada hubungan positif antara orientasi religius intrinsik dengan successful aging, (3) ada hubungan negatif antara orientasi religius ekstrinsik dengan successful aging, dan (4) ada perbedaan tingkat successful aging ditinjau dari jenis kelamin; lakilaki memiliki tingkat successful aging lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Penelitian ini juga menguji dinamika indikator successful aging berdasarkan hipotesis yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik accidental sampling dalam penelitian subjek penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah 76 lansia (40 laki-laki dan 36 perempuan) dari dua kecamatan di Kota Yogyakarta: Ngampilan dan Umbul Harjo. Analisis data yang digunakan untuk menguji hubungan adalah tehnik analisis Pearson Product Moment dan Kendall’s Tau; t-test dan Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk menguji perbedaan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada hubungan positif dan signifikan pada level 0,01 (2-tailed) antara kebermaknaan hidup dengan successful aging (r = 0,661, sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000). Analisis terhadap indikator successful aging menunjukkan kesimpulan yang serupa: subjective well being (r = 0,627, sig. (2- tailed) = 0,000), positive emotion (r = 0,523, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000), absence of the loneliness (r = 0,549, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000). (2) ada hubungan positif dan signifikan pada level 0,01 (2-tailed) antara orientasi religius intrinsik dengan successful aging ( r = 0,356, sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,002). Analisis terhadap indikator successful aging menunjukkan hubungan yang berbeda: subjective well being (r = 0,415, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,000), positive emotion (r = 0,139, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,097), absence of the loneliness (r = 0,296, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,01). (3) ada hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara orientasi religius ekstrinsik dengan successful aging pada level 0,05 (r = -0,231, sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,044); analisis terhadap indikator successful aging menunjukkan hubungan yang berbeda: subjective well being (r = -0,324, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,004), positive emotion (r = -0,087, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,294), absence of theloneliness (r = -0,088, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,287). (4) ada perbedaan tingkat successful aging antara laki- laki dan perempuan; laki-laki memiliki tingkat successful aging lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan (Z = -2.114, MR laki- laki 43,65, MR perempuan 32,78, Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) sebesar 0,032). Analisis terhadap indikator successful memnunjukkan bukti yang serupa; subjective well being (M male 41,2750, M female 39,000, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,038), positive emotion (M male 28,9500, M female 26,9167, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,026), absence of the loneliness (M male 55,6000, M female 52,4611, sig. (2-tailed) = 0,040.

This research was aimed to examine the correlation between meaning of life and religious orientation with successful aging among older adult. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) there was a positive correlation between meaning of life and successful aging, (2) there was a positive correlation between intrinsic religious orientation and successful aging, (3) there was a negative correlation between extrinsic religious orientation and successful aging, and (4) there was a difference level of successful aging between male and female; male had higher level of successful aging. This research also examined how the dynamic of indicators of successful aging according to the hypotheses. This research was employed accidental sampling technique. Subjects of this research were 76 older adult from 60 years old or older (40 male and 36 female) of two districts of Yo gyakarta City: Ngampilan and Umbul Harjo. The Pearson Product Moment and Kendall,s Tau were used to examine of correlations; t-test and Mann-Whitney were used to examine of differences. The results showed that (1). there was a positive and significant correlation between meaning of life and successful aging at 0.01 (2-tailed) level (r = 0.661, sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000); analysis of indicators of successful aging showed a similar correlation: subjective well being (r = 0.627, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000), positive emotion (r = 0.523, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000), absence of the loneliness (r = 0.549, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000). (2). there was a positive and significant correlation between intrinsic religious orientation and successful aging at 0.01 (2-tailed) level (r = 0.356, sig. (2-tailed) is 0.002); analysis of indicators of successful aging showed a difference correlation: subjective well being (r = 0.415, sig, (2-tailed) = 0.000), positive emotion (r = 0.139, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.097), absence of the loneliness (r = 0.296, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.01). (3). there was a negative and significant correlation between extrinsic religious orientation and successful aging at 0.05 (2-tailed) level ( r = -0.231, sig. (2-tailed) is 0.044); analysis of indicators of successful aging showed a difference correlation: aubjective well being (r = -0.324, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.004), positive emotion (r = -0.087, sig. (2- tailed) = 0.294), absence of the loneliness (r = -0.088, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.287). (4). there was a difference level of successful aging between male and female; male had higher level of successful aging than female (Z = -2.144, MR male 43.65, MR female 32.78, Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.032); analysis of indicators of successful aging showed a similar evidence: subjective well being (M male 41.2750, M female 39.000, sig. (2- tailed) = 0.038), positive emotion (M male 28.9500, M female 26.9167, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.026), absence of the loneliness (M male 55.6000, M female 52.4611, sig. (2-tailed) = 0.040).

Kata Kunci : Psikologi Sosial,Successful Aging,Makna Hidup,Lansia, successful aging, subjective well being, positive emotion, absence of the loneliness meaning of life, intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation