Pengaruh level Vitamin A terhadap penampilan produksi dan reproduksi itik petelur

PRABEWI, Nur, Prof.Dr.Ir. Tri Yuwanta, SU.,DEA

2004 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan vitamin A untuk meningkatkan penampilan produksi dan reproduksi itik petelur. Itik Turi sebanyak 75 ekor betina dan 15 ekor jantan digunakan dalam penelitian ini selama 13 minggu. Itik dibagi secara acak menjadi 5 perlakuan setiap perlakuan diulangi 3 kali dengan menggunakan 5 ekor betina dan seekor jantan, perlakuan tersebut adalah P₁ : ransum basal kandungan vitamin A 270 IU/kg, P₂ : ransum dengan kandungan vitamin A 3.270 IU/kg, P₃ : ransum dengan kandungan vitamin A 6.270 IU/kg, P₄ : ransum dengan kandungan vitamin A 9.270 IU/kg, P₅ : ransum dengan kandungan vitamin A 12.270 IU/kg. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, produksi telur, fertilitas, daya tetas, kualitas telur (berat telur, Haugh Unit, warna kuning telur, tebal kerabang), berat testis, diameter testis, kadar vitamin A dalam kuning telur, kadar vitamin A dalam plasma darah, berat empedu, histologi hati dan histologi testis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan level vitamin A memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi telur, konsumsi pakan, fertilitas dan daya tetas, warna kuning telur, kadar vitamin A dalam darah dan dalam kuning telur, sedangkan tebal kerabang telur, Haugh Unit, berat testis, diameter testis, berat empedu tidak berbeda nyata. Histologi hati dan histologi testis memberikan gambaran jaringan yang beda. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah perlakuan vitamin A 9.270 IU/kg dalam ransum itik memberikan produksi telur dan konsumsi pakan tertinggi. Perlakuan vitamin A 6.270 IU/kg memberikan fertilitas dan daya tetas yang tinggi, sedangkan warna kuning telur dan kadar vitamin A dalam darah serta dala m kuning telur tertinggi diperoleh pada level vitamin A 12.270 IU/kg. Pada histologi hati memberikan gambaran akumulasi lemak di sel hati terjadi pada level vitamin A 270 IU/kg. Sedangkan histologi testis memberikan gambaran perubahan jaringan lebih rapat pada perlakuan vitamin A level 12.270 IU/kg.

This experiment was conducted to determine the requirement of vitamin A in attemp to increase production and reproduction performances of layer duck. Seventy five females and fifteen males of Turi layer ducks were used in a 13 week experiment. Ducks were devided into five treatments with three replications and consisted of five females and one male each. Treatments were namely P₁ (270 IU/kg of vitamin A), P₂ (3,270 IU/kg of vitamin A), P₃ (6,270 IU/kg of vitamin A), P₄ (9,270 IU/kg of vitamin A), P₅ (12,270 IU/kg of vitamin A respectively). Treatment diet were allowed during 13 weeks. Parameter being measured were feed consumption, egg production, fertility, hatchability, egg quality (egg weight, Haugh Unit, egg yolk colour, egg shell quality), testis weigth, diameter of testis, vitamin A in egg yolk, rate of vitamin A in blood plasma, bile weight, liver histology and histology of testis. The result indicated that addition of vitamin A influenced egg production, feed consumption, fertility, hatchability, egg yolk colour, vitamin A rate in blood, egg yolk, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, weigth of testis, diameter of testis were not different between treatments. Liver and testis gave different histological pictures. It can be concluded that addition of vitamin A as much as 9,270 IU/kg increased egg production and feed consumption. Treatments of vitamin A 6,270 IU/kg gave fertility, hatchability higher than the other treatment, while egg yolk colour and rate of vitamin A in blood and egg yolk were higher when duck received vitamin A as much as 12,270 IU/kg. Liver histology gave picture in the form of fat accumulation at vitamin A level of 270 IU/kg. Testis histology gave picture of closer tissue at treatment with vitamin A level of 12,270 IU/kg.

Kata Kunci : Pakan Itik Petelur,Vitamin A,Produksi dan Reproduksi, Layer duck, Vitamin A, Production, Reproduction