Minimizing congestion at an intersection by influencing or enforcing public transport drivers' behaviour :: A Case Study at Bulak Kapal Intersection, Bekasi

RONALD, Renhard, Dr.Ir. Sigit Priyanto, MSc

2004 | Tesis | Magister Sistem dan Teknik Transportasi

Persimpangan Bulak Kapal merupakan titik terbesar dalam hal kemacetan lalulintas di Kota Bekasi. Kemacetan di titik ini sangatlah kompleks, yang disebabkan karena berbagai faktor. Selama ini yang dianggap sebagai penyebab adalah banyaknya kendaraan pribadi yang beroperasi di jalan, disain geometrik yang buruk, serta adanya pintu perlintasan kereta api di sekitarnya. Namun disinyalir ada faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan perilaku yang memberikan kontribusi sangat besar terhadap kemacetan dan kesemrawutan lalulintas di persimpangan Bulak Kapal, yaitu perilaku pengemudi Angkot. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku buruk pengemudi angkot di persimpangan yang menjadi embrio kemacetan lalulintas, dan bagaimana memaksa atau mempengaruhi perilaku tersebut untuk mengurangi kemacetan di persimpangan. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan kapasitas persimpangan, arus jenuh, derajat kejenuhan, jumlah kendaraan di dalam antrian, panjang antrian dan tundaan, pada kondisi ideal, kondisi eksisting, dan 2 skenario yakni : (1) pemasangan divider pada salah satu lajur untuk membatasi ruang gerak angkot, (2) pemasangan divider pada median untuk memaksa penumpang menunggu di halte terdekat. Data diperoleh dengan cara melakukan survey inventarisasi persimpangan dan pendekat, survey percacahan lalulintas, survey gerakan membelok, survey waktu siklus lampu lalulintas, dan survey pencatatan pelat nomor kendaraan di garis henti dan garis masuk ke pendekat. Selain itu dilakukan pula pengamatan posisi kendaraan pada saat memuat penumpang, lama memuat penumpang, kegiatan pindah lajur, wawancara pengemudi dan penumpang, serta perekaman video. Data yang diperoleh pada kondisi eksisting (tanpa tindakan) menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas pendekat (310,80 smp/jam) dan arus jenuh (909,80 smp/jam hijau) lebih kecil dari kondisi ideal (2.878 smp/jam dan 8.424 smp/jam hijau). Sebaliknya derajat kejenuhan (1,23) dan tundaan (1.664,55) pada kondisi eksisting lebih besar daripada kondisi ideal (0,30 dan 36,56 detik). Namun dengan melakukan skenario-1, kapasitas pendekat dapat diperbaiki (1.985,10 smp/jam), derajat kejenuhan termodifikasi (0.28), dan tundaan dapat diturunkan mendekati kondisi ideal (37,36 detik).

Bulak Kapal intersection is the most congested spot to the traffic stream in Bekasi city. The congestion at this point is very complex, caused by some factors that have been considered as the causings of the congestion, i.e. too many private cars, inappropriate geometrical design, and the existence of railway junction at the surround. However, it was known that, there are other factors conform with behaviour giving large contribution to the crowded traffic and the congestion at Bulak Kapal intersection, that is the harmful behaviour of angkots drivers. The objectives of this research is to know the harmful behaviour of angkots drivers, which represent the embryo of the congestion, and how to enforce or influence them to minimize the congestion. The analysis be done by comparing approach capacity, saturation flow, degree of saturation, number of vehicle in queue, queue length, and delay, in the ideal condition to the existing condition, and 2 scenarios, those are : (1) installing dividers at lane to restrict angkots queue and split them to the other traffic, (2) installing dividers at median to force passengers to go to the nearest shelter. The data was captured by conducting intersection and approach inventory survey, traffic counting survey, turning movement survey, traffic light cycle time survey, and vehicle registration number survey at the stopline and screenline. Besides those, the observation of loading position, loading duration, lane changing activity, drivers and passengers interview, and video shooting have also been done. The data have been obtained in existing condition (do nothing), show that the approach capacity (310.80 pcu/hour) and saturation flow (909.80 pcu/green hour) were less than the ideal condition (2,878 pcu/hour and 8,424 pcu/green hour). In the other hand, the degree of saturation (1.23) and delay (1,664.55 seconds) in the existing condition were higher than the ideal condition (0.30 and 36.56 seconds). However, by conducting scenario-1, approach capacity would be repaired (1,985.10 pcu/hour), the degree of saturation become modified (0.28), and delay was decreased to be closed to the ideal condition (37.36 seconds).

Kata Kunci : Lalu Lintas,Persimpangan Kemacetan,Perilaku Pengemudi, behaviour, approach capacity, saturation flow, degree of saturation, delay.