Analisis Kegagalan Inovasi Kebijakan: Studi Kasus Baku Mutu Emisi Gas Buang Sumber Bergerak Kendaraan Bermotor di Kota Yogyakarta

Dwimawan Febrianto, Prof. Ir. Siti Malkhamah, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN.Eng.; Prof. Dr. sc. pol. Agus Heruanto Hadna, M.Si.

2025 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPEMIMPINAN DAN INOVASI KEBIJAKAN

Kegagalan inovasi kebijakan masih sering terjadi seperti kebijakan baku mutu emisi gas buang sumber bergerak kendaraan bermotor di Kota Yogyakarta yang belum diterapkan padahal peraturannya sudah cukup baku dan tidak semua daerah di Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan uji emisi kendaraan pribadi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kegagalan penerapan kebijakan dan bagaimana respon masyarakat terkait adanya syarat baku mutu emisi gas buang sumber bergerak kendaraan bermotor untuk perpanjangan PKB tahunan dan 5 tahunan di Kota Yogyakarta.

Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif kuantitatif. Secara kualitatif metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan teknik pengolahan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi data. Secara kuantitatif pengumpulan data dilakukan lewat online questionnaire dengan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah distribusi frekuensi, menggunakan uji validitas product moment, dan uji reliabilitas alpha cronbach.

Hasil riset kualitatif menemukan 8 key point rekomendasi bagi decision maker yaitu perlu anggaran kebijakan, perlu struktur organisasi yang jelas, perlu ditetapkan sanksi mengikat dan terukur bagi pelanggar peraturan, perlu koordinasi antar aktor kebijakan pada level top-down, misinformasi antar instansi soal kebijakan, sosialisasi kurang maksimal. potensi belum digali dan kolaborasi dengan kebijakan lain belum dilakukan. Kebijakan tersebut mengalami kegagalan penerapan kebijakan dan tergolong kedalam pelaksanaan kebijakan yang tidak terimplementasikan. Hasil riset kuantitatif bertujuan memberi gambaran decision maker jika kebijakan baku mutu emisi nantinya diterapkan. Hasilnya 56 responden memberikan respon baik, namun 43 responden memberikan respon kurang baik jika kebijakan tersebut nantinya diterapkan. Kesimpulannya responden menerima jika kebijakan nantinya diterapkan menjadi syarat wajib perpanjangan PKB Tahunan kendaraan pribadi.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the failure of policy implementation and how the community responds to the existence of reuqirements for the quality of exhaust emissions from mobile sources of motor vehicles for the annual and 5-year PKB renewal in Yogyakarta City.

The research method used is descriptive qualitative and descriptive quantitative. Qualitative data collection methods were conducted through interviews with data processing techniques of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity techniques using data triangulation. Quantitatively, data collection is done through online questionnaire with the analysis method used is frequency distribution, using product moment validity test, and Cronbach alpha reliability test.

The qualitative research results show that there are 8 key point recommendations for decision makers, namely the need for a policy budget, the need to create a clear organizational structure, the need to establish binding and measurable sanctions for regulation violators, the need for coordination between policy actors at the top-down level, misinformation between agencies about policies, socialization is not optimal, not all local governments conduct emission testing to implement policies, the potential has not been explored and collaboration with other supporting policies has not been carried out. So it can be said that the policy has failed to implement the policy and is classified as an unimplemented policy implementation. Quantitative research results are used to provide an overview of decision makers if the emission quality standard policy is later implemented. The results showed that 56 respondents gave a good response, but 43 respondents gave an unfavorable response if the policy was later implemented then the conclusion is that the majority of respondents accept if the policy is later implemented as a mandatory requirement for the annual PKB extension of their private vehicles.

Kata Kunci : Inovasi Kebijakan, Kegagalan Pelaksanaan Kebijakan, Respon Masyarakat, Baku Mutu Emisi Gas Buang Sumber Bergerak Kendaraan Bermotor, Policy Innovation, Policy Implementation Failure, Public Response, Quality Standards for Exhaust Gas Emissions from Mobile