STUDI PENGGUNAAN SUMBER ENERGI PAKAN TERHADAP KARKAS DAN FOIE GRAS UNGGAS AIR LOKAL INDONESIA

ELLY TUGIYANTI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Tri Yuwanta, SU., DEA.; Prof. Drs. Nasroedin, M.Sc.

2000 | Tesis | S2 Peternakan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan sumber energi pakan terhadap karkas dan foie gras unggas air lokal. Tiga puluh ekor anak itik Tegal, entog dan angsa umur delapan minggu dipelihara dan diberi pakan komersial sampai umur 12 minggu. Mulai umur 12 minggu diambil tiap jenis 15 ekor yang mempunyai bobot badan relatif sama, kemudian dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok sehingga setiap kelompok berisi 5 ekor. Kelompok I diberi pakan komersial (Ei), kelompok II diloloh jagung (E2) dan kelompok III diloloh tallow (E3). Jumlah jagung yang dapat dilolohkan pada itik Tegal, entog dan angsa masing-masing 3718,04; 2969,51 dan 48,55,00 g/ekor/15 han, sedangkan jumlah tallow sebanyak 1381,68; 1325,01 dan 2040,71 g/ekor/ 15 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot badan akhir tidak dipengaruhi (P>0,05) oleh sumber energi pakan. jenis unggas air dan interaksinya. Persentase karkas dipengaruhi secara nyata (P<0,05) oleh sumber energi pakan. Persentase lemak daging, kandungan lemak abdomen, kolesterol daging, bobot hati per bobot badan, kandungan trigliserida darah. kolesterol hati dan asam lemak hati dipengaruhi secara nyata (P<0,05) oleh mteraksi antara jenis unggas air dan sumber energi pakan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa unggas air lokal Indonesia berpotensi menghasilkan foie gras dan karkas yang baik. Pelolohan dengan jagung pada unggas air dapat meningkatkan bobot badan akhir, bobot hati per bobot badan, kolesterol daging dan kolesterol hati, kandungan trigiiserida darah dan lemak abdomen, sedangkan pelolohan dengan tallow justru menurunkan bobot badan, bobot hati per bobot badan dan persentase lemak daging. Secara histologi, hati unggas air yang diloloh dengan tallow tergolong masih normal. Itik Tegal menghasilkan lemak karkas dan lemak abdomen yang rendah, sedangkan angsa dan entog menghasilkan kolesterol daging dan kolesterol hati yang rendah

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of feed energy source on carcass and foie gras production of Indonesia waterfowl. Ninety waterfowls, consisting of 30 Tegal ducks, 30 Muscovy ducks and 30 Geeses were raised using commercial feed until 12 week old. At the end of 12 weeks of age, fifteen birds from each species taken on experiment and they were divided randomly into three groups of treatments,so that there were 5 birds for each group, ie. 5 waterfowls for comercial feed (Ei), 5 waterfowls for force feeding by maize (E2), and 5 waterfowls for force feeding by tallow (E3). The consumption of maize was 3718.04 g/duck/15 days for Tegal duck, 2969.51 g for Muscovy duck and 4855 g for Goose. The consumption of tallow was 1381.68 g/duck/15 days Tegal duck, 1325.01 g for Muscovy duck and 2040.71 g for Goose, respectively. The result indicated that there was significant effect of the feed energy on carcas percentage (P<0.05). There was not significant effect of the species, feed energy source and their interaction on final body weight (P>0.05). Fat meat percentage, abdominal fats, meat cholesterol, liver weight per body weight, blood triglvseride, liver cholesterol and liver fatty acid had significant difference by the interaction of species and feed energy'. It was concluded that waterfowl had potentially produce for foie gras and high grade of carcass. Force feeding by maize increased final body weight, carcass cholesterol, liver weight per body weight, blood triglyseride, liver cholesterol, and abdominal fat. However, force feeding by tallow decreased body weight, liver weight per body weight and fat meat percentage. Histologycal analyse indicated that they had nonnal liver cells. Tegal duck produced of low fat meat and low abdominal fat, but goose and muscovy duck produced a low meat cholesterol and liver cholesterol Key words : Waterfowl,Carcass, Foie gras,Maize, Tallow.

Kata Kunci : Unggas air, Karkas, Foie gras.Jagung, Tallow