Latar Belakang. Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) adalah infeksi pernapasan akut yang
ditandai dengan demam ?38,5°C dan batuk, berpotensi menyebabkan komplikasi
serius dan kematian. Penyakit ini mudah menular, terutama di tempat ramai seperti
ibadah haji. Pengobatan ILI meliputi penanganan gejala dan antivirus, sementara
vaksin influenza dapat mencegah infeksi. Di Indonesia, vaksin influenza belum
menjadi bagian dari program layanan kesehatan untuk calon jamaah haji, meskipun
mereka berisiko tinggi terkena ILI.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status
pemberian vaksin influenza dengan kejadian ILI pada jama’ah haji Indonesia dari
Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Tahun 2023(1444 H).
Metode. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian observasional retrospektif dengan
pendekatan case control. Sampel penelitian adalah jemaah haji Indonesia dari
Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dengan teknik pengambilan sampel matching
sampling berdasarkan umur. Besar sampel sebanyak 136 responden, dengan sampel
kasus sebanyak 68 responden dan sampel kontrol sebanyak 68 responden.. Data
selanjutnya dianalisis univariat, analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi
Square, serta analisis stratifikasi dilakukan untuk penilaian potensi modifikasi atau
interaksi.
Hasil. Analisis univariat menggambarkan distribusi variabel didapatkan bahwa
tidak mendapatkan Vaksin Influenza (67,6%), berusia dewasa (55,9%), berjenis
kelamin wanita (57,4%), menggunakan masker (82,4%), tidak ada riwayat penyakit
DM (80,9%), dan tidak ada riwayat penyakit hipertensi (94,1%). Dari analisis
bivariat hasil uji statistik Chi Square diperoleh nilai p = 0,037 dimana p < ? (0,05),
sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara variabel
Pemberian vaksin influenza dengan kejadian Influenza-Like Illness. Analisis
stratifikasi digunakan untuk penilaian potensi modifikasi atau interaksi dengan
melihat p-value dari test homogenity dimana p value < 0>
confounding dengan melihat ? OR > 10%.
Kesimpulan. 1) Jemaah haji Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung 2023 yang
menderita ILI didominasi oleh kelompok yang tidak mendapatkan vaksin influenza,
berusia dewasa, menggunakan masker, dan riwayat DM. 2) Terdapat hubungan
signifikan antara pemberian vaksin influenza dengan kejadian ILI, dengan risiko
0,451 (95%CI =0,025-0,094) 3) Variabel penderita DM menjadi confounding
dalam hubungan antara status pemberian vaksin influenza dengan kejadian ILI.
Background. Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) is an acute respiratory infection characterized
by fever ?38.5°C and cough, potentially causing serious complications and death. This
disease is easily transmitted, especially in crowded places such as the Hajj pilgrimage.
Treatment for ILI includes symptom management and antivirals, while influenza vaccine
can prevent infection. In Indonesia, influenza vaccine is not yet part of the health service
program for prospective Hajj pilgrims, even though they are at high risk of ILI.
Objective. This study aims to determine the relationship between influenza vaccine
provision status and the incidence of ILI in Indonesian Hajj pilgrims from the Bangka
Belitung Islands Province in 2023 (1444 H).
Method. The study design was a retrospective observational study with a case-control
approach. The study sample was Indonesian Hajj pilgrims from the Bangka Belitung
Islands Province with a matching sampling technique based on age. The sample size was
136 respondents, with 68 case samples and 68 control samples. The data were then
analyzed univariately, bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test, and
stratification analysis was performed to assess the potential for modification or
interaction.
Results. Univariate analysis describes the distribution of variables obtained that did not
receive the Influenza Vaccine (67.6%), were adults (55.9%), were female (57.4%), used
masks (82.4%), had no history of DM (80.9%), and had no history of hypertension
(94.1%). From the bivariate analysis, the results of the Chi Square statistical test
obtained a p value = 0.037 where p <? (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a
significant relationship between the variable of Influenza Vaccination and the incidence
of Influenza-Like Illness. Stratification analysis is used to assess the potential for
modification or interaction by looking at the p-value of the homogeneity test where the p
value <0> 10%.
Conclusion. 1) The 2023 Bangka Belitung Islands Province Hajj pilgrims who suffered
from ILI were dominated by groups who did not receive influenza vaccine, were adults,
used masks, and had a history of DM. 2) There was a significant relationship between
influenza vaccine administration and the incidence of ILI, with a risk of 0,451 (95%CI =
0,025-0,094) 3) The variable of DM sufferers be confounding in the relationship between
influenza vaccine administration status and the incidence of ILI.
Kata Kunci : Influenza Vaccine, Influenza-Like Illness(ILI), Hajj Pilgrims, Bangka Belitung Islands, 2023, Risk, Case Control Study
