Kajian implementasi program pengembangan pedesaan :: Kasus Desa Kulahi, Tetemotaha dan Wawonggole Kabupaten Kendari

INDRIYANTO, Eko, Ir. Kawik Sugiana, M.Eng.,Ph.D

2004 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Penelitian ini bertujuan Mengkaji implementasi Program Pengembangan Pedesaan. Program yang diuji adalah Program Pertanian di DI Wawotobi dengan permasalahan (1) Mengapa diDesa yang mendapat program yang sama hasil produktivitas usaha tani padi sawah berbeda dimana wilayah yang satu lebih berkembang dari wilayah yang lain. (2) Menguji faktor faktor sosial budaya yang mempengaruhi perbedaan produktivitas tersebut bagaimana kerterkaitan variabel independent dengan variabel depedent dengan anggapan perlakuan sama, aktivitas sama di airi DI Wawotobi, dilalui jalur arteri Kendari Kolaka dan sama agroekosistemnya (Jenis tanah, iklim, paket teknologi Insus). Pendekatan Penelitian adalah deduktif rasionalistis yaitu menguji faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan pedesaan di Kabupaten Kendari. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 3 desa dimana masing masing desa ada yang mendapat Program dan tidak mendapat Program (kontrol). Lokasi Penelitian Desa Tetemotaha Kecamatan Pondidaha, yang dihuni masyarakat pendatang, Desa Kulahi Kecamatan Wawotobi yang dihuni masyarakat asli dan Desa Wawonggole Kecamatan Unaaha merupakan desa yang dihuni campuran masyarakat asli dan masyarakat pendatang. Penelitian bersifat kajian yaitu menguji impelementasi program pengembangan pedesaan selama sepuluh tahun dengan membandingkan perlakuan sebelum program dan sesudah program. Teknik analisis yang digunakan uji F untuk membandingkan perbedaan produktifitas di ketiga Desa, baik program dan Non program, sebelum dan sesudah program. Uji Kai Square untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh, Uji Kotingensi untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh, Uji rank korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Jenis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas diketiga desa tersebut berbeda secara signifikan baik sebelum dan sesudah program maupun antara Program dan Non Program dengan uji F 5 %. Faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu Variabel : keberanian mengambil resiko, kebiasaan memecahkan masalah, merubah sikap perilaku, kejelasan penerimaan program, Tingkat kelompok tani, Efektivitas kerja yaitu lama bekerja dan penghasilan tambahan. Hubungan korelasi dengan variabel produktivitas terjadi pada variabel : keberanian resiko untuk masyarakat asli dan pendatang, kebiasaan memecahkan masalah untuk masyarakat asli, Tingkat kelompok tani untuk masyarakat asli, efektifitas yaitu lama kerja dan penghasilan tambahan untuk masyarakat asli. Produktivitas berkorelasi dengan pendapatan pada masyarakat asli dan pendatang.

The research aims to study the implementation of village development program. The Program to be tested is the Agricultural Program in Wawotobi Irrigation Area by addressing these problems : 1) why the productivity of ricefield farming in village receiving the same program is different: one village is better developed than the others; 2) which social and cultural factors influence that different productivity; what kind of relation exists between dependent and independent variables under an assumption that the village receive the same treatment, are irrigated the same by Wawotobi irrigation, are passed through by Kendari Kolaka arterial road, and have the same agroecosystem (soil type, climate, and insus technology package). The research adopted a deductive, rationalistic approach, that is, to test the factors that influence village development in Kendari Regency. The research was conducted in 3 village where some received the Program and some others did not (control). The research location were Tetemotaha village Pondidaha sub district that was inhabited by migrants, Kulahi village in Wawotobi sub district that was inhabited by the natives, and Wawonggole village in Unaaha sub district that was inhabited by the mixture of migrants and the natives. The research was a study, which tested the implementation of village development program in 10 years by comparing the treatment before and after the program. It used an F test for the analysis technique in order to compare different productivities in the three village receiving and not receiving the Program as well as before and after the program. Different test were carried out: a Chi-Square test to identify influence, a Contingency test to find out the quantity of influence, and a Correlation rank test to investigate correlation among the variables. The data were qualitative and quantitative. The research result show a significant difference in productivity in the three villages before and after the program and between the Program and non- Program, which is 5 % according to the F test. The factors that give influences are the variables of willingness to take risk, habit to solve problems, willingness to change attitude-behaviour, clarity of program acceptance, level of farmer group, and work activity that consists of length of work and part-time job. The correlation exists between productivity variable and variables of willingness to take risk (for migrants and the natives), habit to solve problems (for the natives), classification of farmer group (for the natives), effectiveness, that consists of length of work and additional income (for the natives). Productivity correlates with income in both the native society and the migrant society.

Kata Kunci : Program Pembangunan Pedesaan,Implementasi, productivity, behaviour viewed from social and cultural factors; economic (income)