Analisis Performa Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR) Terhadap Disrupsi Peer to Peer Lending Di Indonesia Tahun 2019 – 2024

Prita Widhiani, Bowo Setiyono, S.E., M.Com., Ph.D.

2025 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak disrupsi Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending terhadap kinerja Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR) di Indonesia pada periode 2019–2024. Kemajuan teknologi dalam sektor keuangan telah menghasilkan inovasi disruptif yang mengubah lanskap industri perbankan, khususnya melalui P2P Lending. Platform ini menawarkan solusi pendanaan yang lebih cepat, fleksibel, dan efisien dibandingkan bank tradisional, sehingga menimbulkan persaingan signifikan bagi BPR, terutama dalam melayani segmen Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis Pool Error Correction Model (ECM) untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara ekspansi P2P Lending dan risiko kredit BPR. Data diperoleh dari berbagai sumber resmi, termasuk laporan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan publikasi terkait.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspansi P2P Lending secara signifikan memengaruhi risiko kredit BPR dalam jangka Panjang. Penelitian ini menyoroti perlunya kolaborasi strategis antara BPR dan penyedia P2P Lending untuk menciptakan sinergi dalam melayani UMKM, sekaligus mengurangi risiko sistemik yang timbul dari disrupsi teknologi. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi literatur tentang dampak fintech terhadap lembaga keuangan tradisional dan memberikan masukan bagi regulator untuk merumuskan kebijakan yang mendukung perkembangan fintech tanpa mengorbankan stabilitas keuangan.

 

This study aims to analyze the impact of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending disruption on the performance of Rural Bank (BPR) in Indonesia during the period 2019–2024. Technological advancements in the financial sector have led to disruptive innovations that have transformed the banking industry landscape, particularly through P2P Lending. This platform offers faster, more flexible, and efficient funding solutions compared to traditional banks, thus creating significant competition for BPRs, especially in serving the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector. The study employs a quantitative approach using the Pool Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis to explore the short- and long-term relationships between P2P Lending expansion and BPR's credit risk. Data were collected from various official sources, including reports from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and relevant publications.

The findings indicate that P2P Lending expansion significantly affects BPR's credit risk in the long run. This research highlights the need for strategic collaboration between BPRs and P2P Lending providers to create synergies in serving MSMEs while mitigating systemic risks arising from technological disruption. The findings contribute valuable insights to the literature on the impact of fintech on traditional financial institutions and provide recommendations for regulators to formulate policies that support fintech development without compromising financial stability.

Kata Kunci : Peer-to-Peer Lending, Bank Perekonomian Rakyat (BPR), Disrupsi Teknologi Finansial, Risiko Kredit, Rural Bank (BPR), Financial Technology Disruption, Credit Risk