Hubungan Amerika Serikat dan Taiwan Tahun 2016-2020: Perspektif Konstruktivis

M Habib Pashya, Prof. Dr. Nur Rachmat Yuliantoro, M.A.(IR)

2025 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Tesis ini meneliti tentang relasi Amerika Serikat dan Taiwan selama periode 2016-2020 dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivis untuk melihat variabel identitas dan kepentingan nasional. Sejak pemilu 2016, kemenangan Donald Trump dan Tsai Ing-wen berdampak kepada instabilitas politik Asia Timur. Relasi Trump dan Tsai berdampak terhadap peningkatan sensitivitas Cina terhadap Taiwan, yang dianggap sebagai urusan internal oleh Beijing. Dalam konteks identitas, proses pembentukan identitas relasi antara AS dan Taiwan didorong oleh persepsi negatif terhadap Cina. Relasi kedua pihak juga didukung secara signifikan oleh Kongres dengan menerbitkan beragam peraturan seperti Taiwan Travel Act (TTA), yang menjadi pembaruan dari Taiwan Relations Act (TRA). Melalui variabel kepentingan nasional, tesis ini menekankan sektor keamanan dan ekonomi. Trump mengesahkan paket militer senilai miliaran dolar untuk dikirim ke Taiwan, sementara Tsai membuka hambatan dagang dengan AS untuk mencapai kerja sama pasar bebas. Sebagai konklusi, relasi Taiwan dan AS periode 2016-2020 berjalan progresif dengan beragam langkah yang dilakukan oleh Trump dan Tsai.

This thesis examines relations between the United States and Taiwan for the 2016-2020 period using a constructivist approach to observe identity and national interests as variables. Since the 2016 election, the respective victories of Donald Trump and Tsai Ing-wen have had an impact on instability in East Asia. Trump and Tsai’s ties have had the effect of increasing China’s sensitivity towards Taiwan, which is considered an internal affair by Beijing. In the context of identity, the process of identity formation in relations between the US and Taiwan is constructed by negative perceptions towards China. The relations between the U.S. and Taiwan were also supported significantly by Congress by issuing various acts such as the Taiwan Travel Act (TTA), which is an update of the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA). Through the national interest variable, this thesis emphasizes the security and economic sectors. Trump signed a military package worth billions of dollars to be sent to Taiwan, while Tsai opened trade barriers with the US to promote free market cooperation. In conclusion, relations between Taiwan and the US for the 2016-2020 period were progressive, with various steps taken by Trump and Tsai. 

Kata Kunci : Amerika Serikat, Taiwan, Cina, identitas, kepentingan nasional