Pengembangan Instrumen Geriatric Hajj Early Screening (GHES) Untuk Deteksi Dini Istithaah Kesehatan Pada Calon Jamaah Haji Lanjut Usia

Sugeng, Prof. Dr. dr. Nyoman Kertia, SpPD-KR

2025 | Disertasi | S3 Kedokteran Umum

Latar Belakang: Calon jamaah haji lanjut usia termasuk kategori jamaah haji berisiko tinggi, syarat bisa berangkat haji apabila memenuhi status istithaah kesehatan. Saat ini tidak dilakukan skrining status istithaah kesehatan oleh karena belum ada instrumen skrining. Dibutuhkan instrumen skrining istithaah kesehatan yang sederhana, mudah, dapat dikerjakan secara mandiri oleh calon jamaah haji.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan instrumen geriatric hajj early screening (GHES) untuk deteksi dini istithaah kesehatan pada calon jamaah haji lanjut usia.

Metode: Jenis penelitian non eksprimen, desain research and development dilakukan dalam dua tahapan. Pengembangan instrumen GHES melalui literatur review untuk mendapatkan domain, indikator, dan item. Instrumen GHES dilakukan uji validitas isi dengan pengukuran CVI dan CVR, validitas muka dengan nilai kesepakatan ahli, uji reliabilitas dengan Cronbach alpha, dan korelasi item-item yang menyusun indikator dan domain dengan uji product moment. Uji korelasi skor GHES dan istithaah kesehatan dengan uji chi square, mengukur nilai korelasi, odd ratio (OR) dan p value, dilanjutkan dengan mengukur nilai sensitivitas, spesifitas, ROC, dan luas kurva AUC untuk mengetahui akurasi GHES terhadap status istithaah kesehatan calon jamaah haji lanjut usia. 

Hasil: Tersusun instrumen GHES yang terdiri dari 4 domain: bio-psiko-sosio-spiritual, 10 indikator: iman, Islam, ihsan, dukungan sosial/interaksi, gaya hidup, depresi, kognitif, fungsional, instrumental, fisiologi dan 32 item. Instumen GHES memiliki nilai validitas baik, semua r hitung > 0,320 (r table) dengan p < 0>p < 0>istithaah kesehatan r=19,957 OR=5,353 p=0,001 CI=2,470-11,603. Cut off point GHES 78,5 dengan sensitivitas 72,8?n spesivitas 66,7%. Nilai ROC sebesar 0,736 95% CI (0,647 - 0,826), yang berarti bahwa instrumen GHES memiliki kinerja cukup baik untuk mengukur istithaah kesehatan jamaah haji.   

Simpulan: Instrumen GHES mempunyai validitas, reliabilitas, sensitivitas, dan spesifitas yang baik.  Instrumen GHES valid, handal dan layak digunakan untuk deteksi dini istithaah kesehatan pada calon jamaah haji lanjut usia.

Background: Senior citizens who are considering making the Hajj are considered high-risk individuals, and they must be in good health in order to travel. Since there is currently no screening tool available, there is no health status screening for istithaah. A straightforward, user-friendly tool for assessing istithaah health is required, one that potential pilgrims can complete on their own.

Objective: This study aims to develop the Geriatric Hajj Early Screening (GHES) instrument for early detection of health istithaah in elderly hajj pilgrims. 

Method: The type of research is non-experimental, and the research and development design was carried out in two stages. Development of the GHES instrument through the synthesis of domains, indicators, and items with a literature review. GHES instrument involved content validity testing through the measurement of CVI and CVR, face validity with expert agreement values, reliability testing with Cronbach's alpha, and the correlation of items constituting indicators and domains using the product moment test. Testing the correlation between GHES scores and health istithaah using chi-square test, measuring correlation values, odds ratio (OR), and p-value, followed by measuring sensitivity, specificity, ROC, and AUC curve area to determine the accuracy of GHES regarding the health istithaah status of elderly hajj pilgrims.

Results: The GHES instrument was developed, consisting of 4 domains: bio-psycho-socio-spiritual, 10 indicators: iman, Islam, ihsan, social support/interactions, lifestyle, depression, cognitive, functional, instrumental, physiology, and 32 items. The GHES instrument has good validity, with all r calculated > 0.320 (r table) with p < 0>p < 0>

Conclusion: The GHES instrument has good validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. The GHES instrument is valid, reliable, and suitable for early detection of health istithaah in elderly hajj pilgrims.

Kata Kunci : lanjut usia, haji, skrining, instrumen, istithaah, kesehatan