PERANCANGAN DAN ANALISIS MODEL KOLABORASI PADA SENTRA INDUSTRI BATIK
Stefani Prima Dias Kristiana, Ir. Anna Maria Sri Asih, S.T., M.M., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU, ASEAN Eng.; Ir. Andi Sudiarso, S.T., M.T., M,Sc., Ph.D., IPM. ASEAN Eng.
2025 | Disertasi | DOKTOR TEKNIK INDUSTRI
Penelitian ini melakukan perancangan model kolaborasi pada sisi pengadaan bahan baku dan pemasaran. Adapun tahapannya dimulai dengan membangun model Purchasing Collaboration (PC) menggunakan pendekatan Common Replenishment Epoch (CRE). Selanjutnya membangun model Marketing Collaboration (MC) dengan menyatukan penjualan seluruh IKM di galeri pusat bersama. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 IKM yang merepresentasikan setiap sentra. Rancang bangun model simulasi untuk implementasi model kolaborasi dilakukan menggunakan bantuan software Flexsim. Simulasi dirancang untuk beberapa model yaitu model eksisting, model Purchasing Collaboration (PC), model Marketing Collaboration (MC) skema 1, model MC skema 2, model integrasi skema 1 dan model integrasi skema 2. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, model PC memberikan peningkatan profit yang signifikan untuk seluruh IKM karena adanya penurunan biaya pengadaan bahan baku akibat adanya diskon dari supplier dan penurunan biaya operasional. Sedangkan model MC belum memberikan peningkatan profit bagi seluruh IKM, namun model MC tersebut mampu memberikan benefit untuk meningkatkan variasi produk yang ditawarkan, menjaga standarisasi harga, memperluas akses dan segmen pasar, serta meningkatkan transfer knowledge antar anggota, sehingga mampu mendorong peningkatan demand yang berpengaruh terhadap perubahan volume penjualan. Perubahan parameter volume penjualan dengan adanya model MC disimulasikan pada model MC skema 2 dan memberikan hasil dengan adanya perubahan volume penjualan minimal 1,5% mampu memberikan peningkatan profit rata-rata sebesar 6,26%. Integrasi model PC dan MC dibangun dengan skenario terbaik setiap modelnya, dimana peningkatan profit yang didapatkan dengan integrasi model kolaborasi menyeluruh tersebut rata-rata adalah sebesar 38,73%. Adanya perbedaan karakteristik industri di sentra seperti persentase mark up harga jual dan proporsi beban biaya operasional galeri mempengaruhi tingkat benefit yang didapatkan oleh setiap industri anggota sentra tersebut dengan adanya strategi kolaboratif.
Industrial sector is one of the
leading sectors of the Indonesian economy because it contributes the most to
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Enhancing the economy of the industrial sector,
especially manufacturing industry with a micro, small, and medium scale (SME)
will significantly impact the development of the Indonesian economy as a whole.
The large number of SMEs and commodities have an impact on the development of
the economy for all SMEs to be very complex. Therefore, the development of the
industry can be carried out incrementally from industries that have a large
number of commodities. This research conducted a study on the clothing industry
sector. The clothing industry, which is part of the fashion industry, is an
industry that includes the design, manufacturing, and marketing of fashion
products, such as textiles. The industry will continue to grow and be flexible
because, at certain times or seasons, it has special characteristics that
depend on the current trend. This study focuses more on the batik textile
industry which is a characteristic of Indonesia. The main difference in the
character of the batik industry compared to other fashion industries is in the
aspects of the manufacturing process, cultural and traditional values, design,
materials, target consumers, and social involvement. Yogyakarta is one of the
regions in Indonesia that has many batik industries scattered throughout many
areas, therefore this study focuses on the batik industry in Yogyakarta.
Naturally, these industries form a kind of group which then becomes a batik
industry center. The existence of a center is a strategy to support the
management activities of the batik industry for mutual progress. Initial
observations in several batik centers in Yogyakarta revealed that internal
cooperation between center members remained insufficient. The industries in the
center cannot utilize the center as they should to increase the benefits of
agglomeration economics. In addition, the classic problems faced by SMEs also
still occur, including limited labor, limited capital, technological
capabilities, market expansion, and access to raw material sources. This study
was conducted to encourage SME players, especially in the batik textile sector,
to optimally develop the economy within the scope of the center by
collaborating horizontally or between SMEs in the center. Effective
collaboration can encourage increased profits for all batik industries
involved.
This study designs a collaboration
model for raw material procurement and marketing. The first stage is designing
a Purchasing Collaboration (PC) model using the Common Replenishment Epoch
(CRE) approach. Then, create a Marketing Collaboration (MC) model by combining
sales from all SMEs in a shared central gallery. This study used 5 SMEs
representing each center. The design and construction of a simulation model for
the implementation of the collaboration model was carried out using Flexsim
software. The simulation was designed for several models, namely the existing
model, the Purchasing Collaboration (PC) model, the Marketing Collaboration
(MC) model scheme 1, the MC model scheme 2, the integration model scheme 1, and
the integration model scheme 2. According to the simulation results, the PC
model provides a significant increase in profit for all SMEs because of a
decrease in the cost of procuring raw materials due to discounts from suppliers
and a decrease in operational costs. While the MC model has not resulted in
increasing profit for all, it can provide benefits to increase the variety of
products offered, maintain price standardization, expand access and market
segments, and increase knowledge transfer between members, thereby encouraging
increased demand and affecting changes in sales volume. Changes in sales volume
parameters with the MC model are simulated in the MC model scheme 2 and provide
results with a minimum change in sales volume of 1.5?pable of providing an
average profit increase of 6.26%. The integration of the PC and MC models is
built with the best scenario for each model, where the increase in profit
obtained with the integration of the overall collaboration model is an average
of 38.73%. The differences in industrial characteristics in the center such as
the percentage of selling price markup and the proportion of gallery
operational costs affect the level of benefits obtained by each industry of the
center with the collaborative strategy.
Kata Kunci : Common Replenishment Epoch, Kolaborasi Pengadaan, Kolaborasi Pemasaran, Sentra Batik, Simulasi