Identifikasi Kondisi Biofisik dalam Rangka Rehabilitasi pada Areal Hutan Adat Jalawastu

NIKO AGRIPIUS KARO SEKALI, Singgih Utomo, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

Hutan adat merupakan salah satu skema dalam perhutanan sosial yang dikembangkan untuk mengatasi laju degradasi hutan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan adat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tanaman berkayu yang telah tumbuh dan kondisi fisik pada areal Hutan Adat Jalawastu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif melalui pengumpulan data primer (sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, ketinggian lahan, pengukuran suhu tanah, kelerengan lahan, kelembaban tanah, kecepatan angin, suhu udara, dan kelembaban udara), data sekunder (curah hujan), serta wawancara (preferensi pilihan jenis tanaman). Hasil pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa jenis tanaman berkayu yang ditemui pada areal hutan adat Jalawastu diantaranya Petai (P. speciosa Hassk), Mangga (M. indica),  Nangka (A. heterophyllus), Kemiri (A. moluccanus), Sengon (F. Falcata), Mahoni (S. mahagoni), Durian (D. zibenthinus Murr), Randu (C. pentandra), Alpukat (P. americana), Sirsak (A. muricata), Mindi (M. azedarach L), Jambu biji (P. guajava),  Matoa (P. pinnata), Rambutan (N. lappaceum), dan Kopi robusta (C. canephora). Selain itu, diketahui kondisi fisik areal Hutan Adat Jalawastu terletak pada ketinggian mulai dari 315 – 402 mdpl dengan rata-rata kelerengan 27%, rata-rata kecepatan angin terendah 0,775 km/jam, rata-rata kecepatan angin tertinggi 4,75 km/jam, rata-rata kelembaban udara 59,36% RH, rata-rata suhu udara 31,26?C, rata-rata suhu tanah 30,45?C, rata-rata kelembaban tanah 69,375%, pH tanah 5-6 dengan rata-rata 5,94, tekstur tanah yang bervariasi mulai dari lempung liat berpasir, lempung liat berdebu, lempung berliat, liat berpasir, liat berdebu, lempung berpasir, dan liat. Curah hujan total tahunan sebesar 2139 mm/tahun. Sementara itu, hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa dari 30 masyarakat pemegang andil memilih 8 jenis tanaman berkayu yang berbeda diantaranya alpukat sebanyak 21 orang, Durian sebanyak 19 orang, Mangga sebanyak 14 orang, Cengkeh dan Sawo Filipin sebanyak 5 orang, Petai sebanyak 4 orang, Jeruk sebanyak 2 orang, dan sengon sebanyak 1 orang. 

Traditional forest is one of the social forestry schemes developed to address the rate of forest degradation and improve the well-being of the surrounding community in Indonesia. This research aims to identify the woody plant species and physical conditions of the traditional forest area in Jalawastu. The methods used in this research include descriptive analysis through primary data collection (physical and chemical soil properties, land elevation, soil temperature measurement, land slope, soil moisture, wind speed, air temperature, and air humidity), secondary data (rainfall), and interviews (preference for tree species). The results of this research show that the woody plant species found in the traditional forest area in Jalawastu include Petai (P. speciosa Hassk), Mango (M. indica), Jackfruit (A. heterophyllus), Candlenut (A. moluccanus), Sengon (F. Falcata), Mahogany (S. mahagoni), Durian (D. zibenthinus Murr), Randu (C. pentandra), Avocado (P. americana), Soursop (A. muricata), Mindi (M. azedarach L), Guava (P. guajava), Matoa (P. pinnata), Rambutan (N. lappaceum), and Robusta Coffee (C. canephora). In addition, it is known that the physical conditions of the traditional forest area in Jalawastu are located at an elevation of 315-402 meters above sea level, with an average slope of 27%, average wind speed of 0.775 km/h, average highest wind speed of 4.75 km/h, average air humidity of 59.36% RH, average air temperature of 31.26°C, average soil temperature of 30.45°C, average soil moisture of 69.375%, pH soil 5-6 with an average of 5.94, and variation of soil texture from sandy clay loam, dusty clay loam, clay loam, sandy loam, dusty loam, sandy loam, and loam. Total rainfall is 2139 mm/year. Meanwhile, the interview results show that from 30 community members, there are 8 different types of woody plants were chosen, including Avocado (21 people), Durian (19 people), Mango (14 people), Cinnamon and Philippine Sawo (5 people), Petai (4 people), Orange (2 people), and Sengon (1 person).

Kata Kunci : Hutan adat, jenis tanaman, kondisi biofisik lahan.