Pemeriksaan Klinis Reptil dan Isolasi serta Identifikasi Bakteri Salmonella sp pada Reptil Indonesia yang dilalulintaskan melalui Bandara Yogyakarta International Airport

Wahyu Samurwat, drh. Heru Susetya, MP, PhD

2025 | Tesis | S2 Sain Veteriner

Permintaan reptil sebagai hewan eksotik dan peliharaan secara global mengakibatkan banyak reptil dilalulintaskan lewat bandara yang berakibat meningkatkan risiko penyebaran Salmonella sp. asal reptil. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemeriksaan klinis reptil serta isolasi dan identifikasi Salmonella dari reptil yang dilalu-lintaskan melalui Bandadara Yogyakarta International Airport Penelitian ini menggunakan 48 reptil yang dilalulintaskan melalui Yogyakarta International Airport. Semua reptil diperiksa secara klinis, meliputi suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas denyut jantung, dan pulsus, kemudian diambil swab kloaka. Selain itu diambil sampel swab dari kulit, box, kantung, tempat pakan dan kulit perawat hewan. Sampel diidentifikasi adanya Salmonella sp secara fenotip menggunakan Selenite, RV, XLD, dan Chromed Salmonella Agar serta uji biokimia Salmonella sp yang diidentifikasi secara genotipik menggunakan PCR untuk gen 16S rRNA (201 bp), invA (1138 bp), dan ssrB (704 bp). Hasil pemeriksaan klinis didapatkan reptil gerakan lincah, feses lembek sampai padat, responsif rangsangan, nafsu makan baik, mata normal, sehingga reptil didiagnosis sehat. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi secara fenotipik dan genotipik menggunakan PCR gen 16S rRNA didapatkan 26 isolat Salmonella sp dari dari 48 ekor reptil dan tidak ditemukan dari swab dari bahan/faktor yg dianggap menjadi pembawa Salmo- nella sp. Identifikasi lanjutan dari 26 isolat Salmonella sp. didapatkan 14 isolat mengamplifikasi gen invA, dan 13 isolat mengamplifikasi gen ssrB. Analisis sekuensing 8 amplikon gen invA didapatkan kemiripan 100 ?ngan Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Bareilly, Reading, dan Hadar yang memiliki potensi zoonosis. Hasil uji sensitivitas antibiotik menunjukkan bahwa >80,76% isolat Salmonella sp. pada penelitian ini sensitif terhadap enroflksasin, trimethoprim-sulfametoksasol, tetrasiklin, kloramfenikol, dan amoksisilin, sedangkan isolat lainnya resiten terhadap siprofliksasin, dan amoksisilin. Kesimpulannya adalah reptil yang dilalulintaskan melalui Bandara Yogyakarta International Airport secara klinis sehat, tetapi 54,83% -nya dapat diisolasi Salmonella sp, dengan 29,16 % diantaranya adalah S. enterica subsp enterica, yang berisiko zoonosis. Salmonella sp yang diisolasi masih sensitif terhadap antibiotik.

 

 

The global demand for Reptils as exotic pets has led to many Reptils being transported through airports, increasing the risk of spreading Salmonella sp originating from Reptils. This study aims to conduct clinical examinations of eptils as well as isolate and identify Salmonella from Reptils transported through Yogyakarta International Airport. The study involved 48 Reptils transported through Yogyakarta International Airport. All Reptils underwentclinical examinations, including measurements of body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and pulse. Cloacal swabs were then collected. Additionally, swab samples were taken from the skin, transport boxes, bags, feeding containers, and handlers’ skin. The samples were phenotypically identified for Salmonella sp using Selenite, RV, XLD, and Chromogenic Agar, as well as biochemical tests. Identified Salmonella sp were further genotypically identified using PCR for 16S rRNA (201 bp), invA (1138 bp), and ssrB (704 bp) genes.The clinical examination results showed that the Reptils were agile, had semi-solid to solid feces, were responsive to stimuli, had good appetite, and normal eyes, leading to a diagnosis of healthy Reptils. Phenotypic and genotypic isolation and identification using PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene revealed 26 isolates of Salmonella sp from 48 Reptils, but not from other materials. Further identification of the 26 Salmonella sp isolates showed that 14 isolates amplified the invA gene, and 13 isolates amplified the ssrB gene. Sequencing analysis of 8 ssrB gene amplicons showed 100% similarity to Salmonella enterica serovar Barreily, Reading dan Hadar, which have zoonotic potential. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that over 80% of the Salmonella sp isolates in this study were sensitive to enrofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and amoxicillin, while other isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin. In conclusion, Reptils transported through Yogyakarta International Airport were clinically healthy, but Salmonella sp was isolated in 54.83% of the cases, with 29.16% identified as S. enterica subsp. enterica, posing zoonotic risks. The isolated Salmonella sp remains sensitive to antibiotics

 

Kata Kunci : antibiotika, Salmonella, reptil, zoonosis