Pengembangan Gelatin Tulang Sapi Yang Dikombinasikan Dengan Kitosan Sebagai Bahan Untuk Pembuatan Serat Tekstil Medis
Siti Fatimah, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sarto, M.Sc., IPU, ASEAN Eng; Ir. Moh Fahrurrozi, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU.; Ir. Budhijanto, ST., MT., Ph.D., IPM.
2025 | Disertasi | S3 Teknik Kimia
Cow bones have a high content of organic compounds such as collagen which can be hydrolyzed to become gelatin. This gelatin can be used as a material for medical tesktil fibers using the coaxial electrospinning method. The resulting fibers have better mechanical characteristics and antimicrobial properties when combined with other compounds, such as chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). To strengthen the strength of the material, gelatin is cross-linked with a crosslinker agent that has hydroxyl groups such as sucrose and glucose. The purpose of this study is to study the operating conditions of the process of making beef bone gelatin. Second, study the effect of adding crosslinker agents. Third, study the characteristics of the medical textile fibers produced. Fourth, obtain information on fiber synthesis modeling optimization.The purpose of this study is to first study the operating conditions of the process of making beef bone gelatin. Second, study the effect of adding crosslinker agents. Third, study the characteristics of the medical textile fibers produced. Fourth, obtain information on the optimization of modeling the synthesis of medical textile fibers/yarns by coaxial electrospinning.
The method used in the synthesis of medical textile fibers from cow bone gelatin is coaxial electrospinning, which is the process of making fibers/yarns by utilizing the influence of electric fields in producing a beam (jet) of an electrically charged polymer solution or melt.
The first stage, namely the synthesis of gelatin from cow bones, has been successfully carried out with results close to SNI. The gelatin synthesis resulting from this study had good operating conditions, namely (1) immersion for 7 days and was carried out using a 5% HCl acid solvent and the extraction time was 4 hours. (2) The test results showed the highest yield value of 26.5%; moisture content 8.67%; ash content 0.9%; pH 4.64; viscosity 3.19 cP, isoelectric point 5.3–5.8; gel strength is 433.301 g Bloom.
In the second stage, data on operating conditions at the time of running coaxial electrospinning has been generated. The percentage of glucose crosslinker is 3% to 7%, spinneret distance is 5 cm, flow rate is 1 mL/hour, electrospinning time is 6 hours and the voltage is not more than 20 kV. The recommended concentration of oxidized sucrose crosslinker is between 5% to 7% with the composition of gelatin:PVA:chitosan solution is 3:7:10 grams, voltage conditions not more than 20 kV, spinneret distance of 5 cm, flow rate speed of 1 mL/hour, and electrospinning time of 6 hours. It produces fibers with a Young Modulus value of 19,5 M.Pa to 87,1 M.Pa as a medical textile standards. The characteristics of the resulting fiber have antimicrobial properties with a minimum inhibition zone of 19.55 mm. The fat content produced is less than 20 mL/g. The smallest moisture content produced when using a glucose crosslinker was achieved during the operating conditions of the gelatin:PVA:chitosan composition ratio was 3:7:10 grams, the crosslinker percentage was 5% and the voltage was 22 kV. The smallest moisture content produced is 1,2x10-5g/s/m2. The diameter of the resulting fiber is not more than 1000 ?m. Based on the modeling, the modeling of fiber synthesis with glucose crosslinker has an accuracy of 99.1798 if using MLR modeling. Meanwhile, with oxidized sucrose crosslinker, it provides an accuracy of 94.3533 when using RFR modeling.
Kata Kunci : gelatin, kitosan, glukosa, sukrosa, coaxial electrospinning