Penggunaan Bungkil Inti Sawit dengan Suplementasi Enzim terhadap Produktivitas, Kualitas Karkas, dan Kesehatan Saluran Cerna Ayam Broiler

Siti Zubaidah, Prof. Dr. Ir. Zuprizal, DEA., IPU., ASEAN Eng; drh. Bambang Ariyadi, M.P., Ph. D. ; Prof. Dr. Ir. Chusnul Hanim, M.Si., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2025 | Disertasi | S3 Ilmu Peternakan

Bungkil Inti Sawit merupakan limbah dari pembuatan minyak inti sawit yang  mempunyai serat kasar 13% - 20%, manan 35% sehingga harus diberikan enzim eksogen ketika bungkil inti sawit dijadikan sebagai pakan ternak unggas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia, kecernaan in vitro bahan kering, produktivitas, kualitas karkas, dan kesehatan saluran cerna ayam broiler. Bungkil inti sawit diperoleh dari PTPN III. Sebanyak 1.260 ekor ayam broiler jantan strain Indian River dipelihara selama 35 hari dengan 7 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 30 ekor. Perlakuannya yaitu perlakuan enzim serta kadar bungkil inti sawit (PKC) 0%, 10?n 20%. Perlakuan enzim 1 terdiri dari NSPase 200 g/ton, mananase 182 g/ton, dan protease 130 g/ton pakan sedangkan enzim 2 terdiri dari NSPase 400 g/ton, mananase 182 g/ton, dan protease 260 g/ton pakan. Perlakuan pakan terdiri dari kontrol (P0), penambahan PKC 10% (P1), PKC 20% (P2), PKC 10?ngan enzim 1 (P3), PKC 20?ngan enzim 2 (P4), PKC 10?ngan enzim 1 (P5), dan PKC 20?ngan enzim 2 (P6). Parameter yang diamati meliputi komposisi kimia, gross energi, asam amino, asam lemak, struktur dinding PKC kecernaan bahan kering secara in vitro unggas, performa ayam broiler, biokimia darah, persen relatif organ saluran pencernaan, dan histomorfologi usus. Data komposisi kimia, asam lemak daging, dan keanekaragaman mikrobia dianalisis secara deskriptif, sedangkan kecernaan bahan kering, performa ayam broiler, biokimia darah, persen relatif organ saluran pencernaan, dan histomorfologi usus dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi pola searah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). Hasil diperoleh bahwa PKC tanpa cangkang mempunyai kualitas kimia lebih baik dibandingkan dengan cangkang. Perlakuan enzim pada PKC memperlihatkan bahwa enzim dapat melonggarkan ikatan dinding sel. Kecernaan in vitro bahan kering PKC tanpa cangkang mempunyai kecernaan 82,59% pada perlakuan NPSase 200 g/ton, mananase 182 g/ton, dan protease 130 g/ton. Pemberian PKC dengan suplementasi enzim mampu meningkatkan (P<0>

Palm kernel cake is a by product from the manufacture of palm kernel oil which has crude fiber 13% - 20%, mannan 35% so that exogenous enzymes must be given when palm kernel cake is used as poultry feed. This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, as well productivity, carcass quality, and gastrointestinal health of broiler chickens. Palm kernel cake was obtained from PTPN III. A total of 1,260 male Indian River strain broiler chickens were reared for 35 days with 7 treatments and 6 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 30 chickens. The enzymes used were enzyme 1 and enzyme 2, and palm kernel cake 0%, 10% and 20%. Enzyme 1 consisted of NSPase 200 g/ton, mananase 182 g/ton, and protease 130 g/ton feed while enzyme 2 consisted of NSPase 400 g/ton, mananase 182 g/ton, and protease 260 g/ton feed. Feed treatments consisted of control (P0), addition of palm kernel cake (PKC) 10% (P1), addition of PKC 20% (P2), addition of PKC 10% with enzyme 1 (P3), addition of PKC 20% with enzyme 2 (P4), addition of PKC 10% with enzyme 1 (P5), and addition of PKC 20% with enzyme 2 (P6). Parameters observed including chemical composition, gross energy, amino acids, fatty acids, cell wall structure, poultry in vitro dry matter digestibility, broiler performance, blood biochemistry, relative percent of digestive tract organs, and intestinal histomorphology. Data on chemical composition, meat fatty acids, and microbial diversity were analyzed descriptively, while dry matter digestibility, broiler performance, blood biochemistry, relative percent of digestive tract organs, and intestinal histomorphology were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that PKC without shell had better chemical composition compared to PKC with shell. Enzyme treatment on PKC showed that enzymes could loosen cell wall bonds. In vitro dry matter digestibility of PKC without shell 82.59% with supplementation of 182 g/ton, NPSase 200 g/ton, and protease 130 g/ton. Feeding palm kernel cake with enzyme supplementation could increase (P<0>

Kata Kunci : Mananase, NSPase, Protease, Kesehatan saluran cerna, Kualitas karkas, Produktivitas ayam broiler