GAMBARAN DEMOGRAFI DAN PETA DISTRIBUSI PENYAKIT NEUROMUSKULAR ONSET DEWASA DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

Jessica Edelyne, dr. Yogik Onky Silvana Wijaya, Ph.D; dr. Mawaddah Ar Rochmah, Sp.N, Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER

Latar Belakang: Neuromuscular Disorders (NMD) adalah penyakit disfungsi saraf dan otot dengan gejala utama kelemahan otot skelet, dapat muncul pada usia anak hingga dewasa. Prevalensi NMD diperkirakan antara 1 hingga 9 per 100.000 penduduk, menjadikannya penyakit langka, terutama untuk onset dewasa. NMD diklasifikasikan menjadi empat tipe: penyakit saraf motorik, miopati, neuropati, dan neuromuscular junction. Distribusi dan proporsi tipe NMD bervariasi berdasarkan populasi, dengan Muscular Dystrophy memiliki proporsi terbesar secara global. Data di Indonesia masih terbatas, sehingga diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut untuk penelitian dan manajemen berbasis bukti ilmiah.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan data demografi pasien NMD dan distribusi tipe NMD onset dewasa di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif observasional dengan desain potong-lintang. Data rekam medis pasien NMD onset dewasa di RSUP Dr. Sardjito dianalisis berdasarkan demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, sosial ekonomi, wilayah tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pendidikan) serta riwayat perawatan (jenis diagnosis, jenis instalasi, serta prognosis). Uji statistik yang digunakan meliputi ANOVA dan t-test independent untuk membandingkan variabel demografi.

Hasil: Distribusi NMD onset dewasa di RSUP Dr. Sardjito pada tahun 2022-2023 menunjukkan neuropati sebagai tipe dominan (74,26%). Neuropati diabetik adalah yang paling umum (46,08%), diikuti oleh Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (22,55%) dan Guillain-Barré Syndrome (5,88%). Penyakit taut saraf otot mencakup 22,55% kasus dengan Myasthenia Gravis sebagai jenis dominan. Penyakit saraf motorik ditemukan pada 2,94% pasien.

Kesimpulan: Demografi pasien NMD didominasi oleh dewasa madya perempuan yang tinggal dalam 15 km dari rumah sakit. Mayoritas pasien didiagnosis dengan penyakit sekunder dan memiliki prognosis hidup yang tinggi.

Kata Kunci: penyakit neuromuskular, data demografis, saraf motorik, miopati, neuropati, taut saraf otot

Background: Neuromuscular Disorders (NMD) are diseases characterized by nerve and muscle dysfunction, primarily manifesting as skeletal muscle weakness, and can appear from childhood to adulthood. The prevalence of NMD is estimated to range from 1 to 9 per 100,000 people, making it a rare disease, especially for adult-onset. NMD is classified into four types: motor neuron diseases, myopathies, neuropathies, and neuromuscular junction disorders. The distribution and proportion of NMD types vary by population, with Muscular Dystrophy being the most prevalent globally. Data in Indonesia are still limited, necessitating further studies for research and evidence-based management.

Objective: This study aims to map the demographic data of NMD patients and the distribution of adult-onset NMD types at Dr. Sardjito Hospital.

Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Medical records of adult-onset NMD patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital were analyzed based on demographics (age, gender, socioeconomic status, residence, and education level) and treatment history (diagnosis type, installation type, and prognosis). Statistical tests used include ANOVA and independent t-tests to compare demographic variables.

Results: The distribution of adult-onset NMD at Dr. Sardjito Hospital in 2022-2023 shows neuropathies as the dominant type (74.26%). Diabetic neuropathy is the most common (46.08%), followed by Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (22.55%) and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (5.88%). Neuromuscular junction disorders account for 22.55% of cases, with Myasthenia Gravis being the dominant type. Motor neuron diseases were found in 2.94% of patients.

Conclusion: The demographics of NMD patients are dominated by middle-aged women living within 15 km of the hospital. Most patients were diagnosed with secondary diseases and have a high prognosis for survival.

Keywords: neuromuscular diseases, demographic data, motor neuron, myopathy, neuropathy, neuromuscular junction

Kata Kunci : Background: Neuromuscular Disorders (NMD) are diseases characterized by nerve and muscle dysfunction, primarily manifesting as skeletal muscle weakness, and can appear from childhood to adulthood. The prevalence of NMD is estimated to range from 1 to 9 pe