Key Audit Matters in State-Owned Construction Enterprises (BUMN Karya): An Analysis of Audit Areas and Procedures to Enhance Financial Transparency and Reporting Compliance

Vania Belinda, Suyanto, S.E., M.B.A., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | AKUNTANSI

Pengenalan pengungkapan Key Audit Matters (KAM) telah mengubah secara signifikan lanskap pelaporan keuangan, menjawab tuntutan yang semakin besar akan transparansi dan kualitas audit yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan dan dampak pengungkapan KAM pada perusahaan konstruksi milik negara di Indonesia (BUMN Karya), khususnya pada proyek infrastruktur berskala besar. Fokus utamanya adalah pada area audit penting seperti penilaian aset, penilaian penurunan nilai, pengakuan pendapatan, dan pengelolaan kewajiban, serta bagaimana KAM dapat menjembatani kesenjangan informasi antara manajemen, auditor, dan pemangku kepentingan, serta memastikan kepatuhan terhadap standar akuntansi Indonesia.

Dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, studi ini menyelidiki KAM yang paling sering dilaporkan dan prosedur audit yang diterapkan untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam pelaporan keuangan. Temuan penelitian menyoroti peran penting pengungkapan KAM dalam meningkatkan transparansi keuangan dan memberikan wawasan kepada pemangku kepentingan mengenai area-area penilaian dan risiko, seperti hak konsesi jalan tol, pekerjaan konstruksi dalam proses, dan pengakuan pendapatan berbasis proyek. Auditor menggunakan metodologi seperti analisis arus kas diskonto, inspeksi lapangan, dan evaluasi kerugian kredit yang diharapkan untuk memastikan laporan keuangan mencerminkan kenyataan ekonomi dan mempertahankan kepercayaan pemangku kepentingan.

Penelitian ini juga membahas tantangan dalam mengadopsi pengungkapan KAM di Indonesia, terutama implementasi ISA 701 yang terlambat dibandingkan dengan negara ASEAN lainnya. Meskipun menghadapi hambatan, pelaporan KAM telah menyelaraskan Indonesia dengan standar audit global, memperkuat akuntabilitas di sektor BUMN Karya. Studi ini memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi auditor, manajemen, regulator, dan pemangku kepentingan untuk meningkatkan kejelasan dan efektivitas pelaporan keuangan.

The introduction of Key Audit Matters (KAM) disclosures has significantly transformed financial reporting, addressing the increasing demand for transparency and higher audit quality. This study examines the implementation and impact of KAM disclosures within Indonesia's state-owned construction enterprises (BUMN Karya), particularly in large-scale infrastructure projects. It focuses on key audit areas such as asset valuation, impairment assessments, revenue recognition, and liability management, analyzing how KAMs bridge the information gap between management, auditors, and stakeholders, ensuring compliance with Indonesian accounting standards.

Using a qualitative approach, the study investigates the most commonly reported KAMs and the audit procedures applied to address financial reporting challenges. Findings highlight KAM disclosures’ crucial role in improving financial transparency and providing stakeholders with insights into areas of judgment and risk, such as toll road concessions, construction work in progress, and project-based revenue recognition. Auditors use methodologies like discounted cash flow analysis, site inspections, and expected credit loss evaluations to ensure financial statements reflect economic realities and maintain stakeholder trust.

The research also discusses the challenges of adopting KAM disclosures in Indonesia, particularly the delayed implementation of ISA 701 compared to other ASEAN nations. Despite these hurdles, KAM reporting has aligned Indonesia with global auditing standards, reinforcing accountability in the BUMN Karya sector. The study offers practical recommendations for auditors, management, regulators, and stakeholders to enhance financial reporting clarity and effectiveness. It contributes to understanding KAM disclosures as a tool for financial accountability and sets the stage for future research on global financial transparency and audit quality.

Kata Kunci : Key Audit Matters, BUMN Karya, Financial Reporting, Audit Procedures, Construction Sector