Pengaruh Bahan Penyamak Campuran Gambir dan Syntan terhadap Mutu Kulit Pari Tersamak untuk Produk Dompet Kulit Komersial

CANDRIKA RAHULLAH SANGADJI, Dr. Ir. Latif Sahubawa, M.Si

2025 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi bahan penyamak (gambir dan syntan) terhadap kualitas kulit ikan pari tersamak, serta pengolahan dan analisis nilai tambah dari produk kulit pari tersamak. Penelitian didesain dengan 1 faktor (bahan penyamak campuran gambir dan syntan), yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu: campuran gambir 13,5?n syntan 4% (p1), campuran gambir 15?n syntan 4% (p2), campuran gambir 16?n syntan 4% (p3). Parameter mutu kulit pari tersamak yang di uji meliputi: ketebalan (mm), kekuatan tarik (N/cm²), kekuatan sobek (N/cm), kelemasan (mm), kemuluran (%), suhu kerut (°C), kadar air (%) dan kadar minyak/lemak (%). Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan analisis varian, dan dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada tingkat signifikansi 95% (?. 0,05). Hasil analisa varian menunjukkan bahwa campuran bahan penyamak campuran (gambir 15?n syntan 4%)/p2 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai ketebalan 1,35 mm, kekuatan tarik 1943,75 N/cm2, kekuatan sobek 342,8 N/cm, kelemasan 1,4 mm, kemuluran 25,2%, suhu kerut 73,63 °C, kadar air 12,21%, kadar lemak 0,89%, dan memenuhi 6 dari 8 persyaratan SNI 06-6121-1999, sebagai bahan baku kulit tersamak untuk barang kulit. Nilai ekonomi dari produk dompet kulit pari sebesar Rp371.985 per produk. 

This study aims to determine the effect of tanning agent combinations (gambir and syntan) on the quality of tanned stingray leather, as well as the processing and value-added analysis of the tanned stingray leather products. The study was designed with a single factor (a mixture of gambir and syntan tanning agents), consisting of four treatments: 13.5% gambir and 4% syntan (p1), 15% gambir and 4% syntan (p2), and 16% gambir and 4% syntan (p3). The quality parameters of tanned stingray leather tested included: thickness (mm), tensile strength (N/cm²), tear strength (N/cm), softness (mm), elongation (%), shrinkage temperature (°C), moisture content (%), and fat/oil content (%). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% significance level (?. 0.05). The variance analysis results showed that the combination of 15% gambir and 4% syntan produced the best results, with values of 1.35 mm thickness, 1943.75 N/cm² tensile strength, 342.8 N/cm tear strength, 1.4 mm softness, 25.2% elongation, 73.63°C shrinkage temperature, 12.21% moisture content, and 0.89?t content. This treatment met 6 of the 8 requirements of SNI 06-6121-1999 as raw material for leather goods. The economic value of the commercial stingray leather product (wallet-bag) is estimated at IDR 371.985/product.

Kata Kunci : kulit pari, gambir-syntan, penyamakan, dompet, nilai ekonomi