Keanekaragaman Siput Air Tawar Anggota Famili Thiaridae (Mollusca:Gastropoda) di DAS Opak Hulu, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Joananda Taufik Ardana, Prof. Dr. Suwarno Hadisusanto, S.U.
2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Opak di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mempunyai
Sungai Opak sebagai sungai utama dari Gunung Merapi melalui Kabupaten Sleman
dan Bantul. Ekosistem sungai berfungsi sebagai habitat berbagai organisme,
termasuk anggota gastropoda famili Thiaridae, dan berfungsi sebagai indikator
kualitas lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi
dan kelimpahan anggota famili Thiaridae di DAS Opak Hulu, serta mempelajari
pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap distribusi dan kelimpahannya. Faktor
lingkungan yang diamati meliputi suhu air, oksigen terlarut, alkalinitas, pH, laju
aliran, dan kadar nutrisi. Penelitian dilakukan di lima stasiun penelitian yaitu Sungai
Terasi, Sungai Denggung, Sungai Opak, Sungai Kuning, dan Sungai Oya, dan
penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive random.
Pengambilan sampel gastropoda dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pada setiap titik
sampling berbasis dengan metode jarak sebagai titik proxy. Data yang dianalisis
meliputi cacah spesies, densitas, dan frekuensi. Data dianalisis dengan Indeks
Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, Keseragaman, dan Dominansi. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa 6 dari 12 spesies yang ditemukan adalah anggota Famili
Thiaridae. Nilai Keanekaragaman Gastropoda anggota Famili Thiaridae adalah H’
= 1,19 yang termasuk keanekaragaman sedang. Serta, Parameter fisik kimia yang
berpengaruh meliputi kecepatan arus, DO, dan intensitas cahaya.
The Opak Watershed (DAS) in the Special Region of Yogyakarta has the Opak
River as its main river, flowing from Mount Merapi through the Sleman and Bantul
regencies. The river ecosystem serves as a habitat for various organisms, including
members of the Thiaridae family gastropods, and functions as an indicator of water
quality. This study aims to analyze the distribution and abundance of Thiaridae
family members in the Upper Opak River Basin, as well as to examine the impact
of environmental factors on their distribution and abundance. The environmental
factors observed include water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, pH,
flow rate, and nutrient levels. The study was conducted at five research stations:
Terasi River, Denggung River, Opak River, Kuning River, and Oya River, with
sampling locations determined using the purposive random method. Gastropod
sampling was carried out three times at each sampling point based on the distance
method as a proxy point. The data analyzed included species count, density, and
frequency. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index,
evenness, and dominance. The findings show that 6 of 12 species belong to the
members of Thiaridae family. The Gastropod Diversity Index for the Thiaridae
family is H' = 1.19, which indicates moderate diversity. Additionally, the physical
chemical parameters that influence the distribution include flow velocity, DO, and
light intensity.
Kata Kunci : ekosistem sungai, faktor lingkungan, makrobentos, oksigen terlarut, Sungai Opak