DNA Barcoding Ulat Sutra Eri Samia ricini (Boisduval, 1854) di Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Gen Mitokondria 16S

Kaifa Salwa Arrahma, Sukirno, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2025 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Serikultur Eri merupakan budidaya ulat sutra yang relatif baru dan berpotensi dikembangkan di Indonesia. Ulat sutra Eri (Samia) merupakan ulat sutera non-murbei domestikasi, anggota Saturniidae yang dibudidayakan untuk menghasilkan sutera komersial. Salah satu tempat serikultur ulat sutra Eri di Indonesia terletak di Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta yang memiliki empat tipe morphs, yaitu white zebra, yellow zebra, white spotted, dan greenish spotted. Namun, penelitian mengenai informasi genetik spesies ulat sutra Eri di Indonesia belum pernah dilakukan. Identifikasi spesies secara molekuler dapat dilakukan menggunakan DNA barcoding menggunakan gen mitokondria 16S. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini dilakukan identifikasi dan analisis filogenetik antar morphs ulat sutra Eri budidaya di Yogyakarta menggunakan gen mitokondria 16S. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, elektroforesis, purifikasi, dan sekuensing. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan software GeneStudio, MEGA, dan DnaSP. Hasil analisis similaritas dengan NCBI BLAST menunjukkan bahwa empat sampel morphs ulat sutra Eri yang dibudidayakan di Yogyakarta adalah Samia ricini dengan nilai persentase sebesar 98.20%—99.74% terhadap sekuen dari Genbank. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan empat morphs ulat sutra Eri di Yogyakarta tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan spesies. Analisis variasi genetik antara individu menunjukkan jarak genetik diantara individu ulat sutra Eri sebesar 0,00-0,11 dengan terdapat 13 haplotipe, nilai haplotype diversity (Hd) sebesar 0,88421, dan nucleotide diversity sebesar 0,0188.

Eri sericulture is a relatively new silkworm cultivation that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. The Eri silkworm (Samia) is a domesticated non-murbei silkworm, member of Saturniidae that is cultivated to produce commercial silk. One of the Eri silkworm sericulture sites in Indonesia is located in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta which has four types of morphs, including white zebra, yellow zebra, white spotted, and greenish spotted. However, research on the genetic information of Eri silkworm species in Indonesia has never been conducted. Molecular species identification can be done using DNA barcoding using the 16S mitochondrial gene. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and analyze phylogenetic between morphs of cultivated Eri silkworm in Yogyakarta using the 16S mitochondrial gene. The research stages included DNA extraction, DNA amplification, electrophoresis, purification, and sequencing. Data analysis were conducted using GeneStudio, MEGA, and DnaSP software. The results of similarity analysis with NCBI BLAST showed that the four samples of Eri silkworm morphs cultivated in Yogyakarta were Samia ricini with percentage similarity value of 98.20%–99.74% compared to sequences from Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four morphs of Eri silkworm in Yogyakarta showed no species differences. Analysis of genetic variation between individuals showed genetic distance between Eri silkworm individuals of 0.00-0.11 with 13 haplotypes, a haplotype diversity (Hd) value of 0.88421, and a nucleotide diversity of 0.0188.

Kata Kunci : DNA barcoding, filogenetik, gen 16S, Samia ricini